Universität zu Köln

Makarenko, Ekaterina ORCID: 0000-0002-9694-1790 (2026). Tracing the radiative cooling from supernova shocks in the interstellar medium. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.

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Abstract

Supernovae are the main drivers of a galaxy's chemical, thermal, and dynamic evolution. They also play a central role in regulating star formation by limiting the gas supply in star-forming disk galaxies. While numerical simulations often include shock heating, the fate of cooling radiation is generally neglected, assuming the surrounding medium is optically thin to such radiation. To address this issue, we first estimate which energy bands are the most important for radiative cooling. We have developed a post-processing module based on MAPPINGS V, which computes cooling radiation from shock-heated gas. This module can also calculate line emissions under conditions of collisional ionisation equilibrium in hot plasma. Using this approach, we generate realistic emission maps from 3D simulations of supernovae remnant interacting with a molecular cloud. This allows direct comparisons with observational data. Additionally, we investigate the application of unsupervised machine learning methods to analyse large datasets of synthetic supernova remnants observations. These allow us to explore the influence of different parameters, such as magnetic field strength and density distribution, in a statistically significant manner. Furthermore, we added new X-ray source terms (energies more than 100 eV) into the FLASH adaptive mesh refinement code to follow the cooling energy of the supernova remnants. Simulations of the supernova remnant evolution with processed radiative cooling in the X-ray energy band are crucial for calculating X-ray luminosity, often the primary energy band for supernova remnant observations. These are the first simulations to incorporate on-the-fly radiative transfer physics of radiative cooling at this level of detail, offering new insights into the role of supernovae within the interstellar medium.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD thesis)
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Makarenko, Ekaterina kativmak@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-1790 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-796614
Date:	2026
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics I
Subjects:	Physics
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language Supernova remnants English Interstellar medium English Shock waves English
Date of oral exam:	28 March 2025
Referee:	Name Academic Title Walch-Gassner, Stefanie Prof. Dr. Schilke, Peter Prof. Dr.
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/79661