Grayver, Alexander 
ORCID: 0000-0003-1132-3705, Min, Jingtao ORCID: 0000-0001-5595-968X, Olsen, Nils ORCID: 0000-0003-1132-6113 and Smith, Ashley ORCID: 0000-0001-5198-9574
(2025).
Assimilation of Ground and Satellite Magnetic Observations Unravels the Ionospheric, Magnetospheric, and Induced Fields During the May and October 2024 Geomagnetic Storms.
Geophysical Research Letters, 52 (18).
pp. 1-13.
Wiley.
ISSN 0094-8276
Abstract
Key Points: Novel data assimilation method to model global magnetic field variations due to ionospheric, magnetospheric, and Earth‐induced sources ; Significant local‐time effects in magnetospheric sources at storm onset and during the main phase ; Strong correlation between mid‐latitude ionospheric and magnetospheric magnetic fields during the storm. The geomagnetic storms of May and October 2024 were the strongest storms of solar cycle 25, with the index as low as −412 nT and auroras down to low latitudes. To investigate these extreme events, we developed a global magnetic field model of magnetospheric, ionospheric, and Earth-induced contributions obtained by assimilating magnetic observations. To leverage both ground observatory and multi-satellite magnetic data from the Swarm, CryoSat-2, GRACE-FO, and MSS-1 satellites, we used a new modeling approach to separate the magnetospheric and ionospheric sources, and to model both external and the Earth-induced fields with a 1-hr time resolution. The high spatio-temporal resolution of the model enables investigating the coupling between the mid-latitude ionospheric and magnetospheric field sources during all phases of the geomagnetic storms. The model reveals the total magnetic field disturbance at satellite and ground altitudes, providing critical input for space weather and a more accurate representation of the geomagnetic field.
| Item Type: | Article |
| Creators: | Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code |
| URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-803627 |
| Identification Number: | 10.1029/2025GL116964 |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Geophysical Research Letters |
| Volume: | 52 |
| Number: | 18 |
| Page Range: | pp. 1-13 |
| Number of Pages: | 13 |
| Date: | 28 September 2025 |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 0094-8276 |
| Language: | English |
| Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology |
| Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Earth sciences |
| ['eprint_fieldname_oa_funders' not defined]: | Publikationsfonds UzK |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/80362 |
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