Metzger, Manuel (2018). Signalling pathways regulating re-epithelialisation and scar-free regeneration of cutaneoud wounds in Danio rerio. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Cutaneous wounds must be closed rapidly to avoid infection. Fish close their epidermal barrier by re-epithelialisation. This work shows that their wounds are closed independent of proliferation by both transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) and integrin dependent active cell migration of basal keratinocytes or rhoA associated kinase (ROCK) and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulated cell elongation and intercalation, most likely initiated by the planar cell polarity pathway protein dishevelled. Further the results of this work show that the wounds are initially perceived by the influx of hypotonic medium, which leads to an activation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) signalling axis that might contribute, possibly in conjunction with TGF-ß, to a relocation of integrins to the lamellipodia of leading-edge keratinocytes or a calcium-dependent activation of actin and myosin. The result of wound healing in mammals is very often the formation of a scar, which is composed of a collagen network that is not degraded completely during tissue repair and can have a detrimental influence on tissue stability and function. Interestingly, wound healing in teleosts rarely results in fibrosis or scarring. A new putative recruitment pathway of wound fibroblasts via fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was investigated in zebrafish. Thus far, FGF signalling was described to have a direct effect on other processes of wound healing but a direct fibroblast activation has not yet been described. Previously, it was demonstrated that both FGF signalling and immune suppression lead to a lack of granulation tissue and here it is demonstrated that constitutive FGF signalling can overcome simultaneous immune suppression. This supports the hypothesis that leukocytes in the wound secrete FGF to stimulate fibroblast migration and proliferation. In mammals it was shown that wound fibroblasts are stimulated by resistin-like molecule alpha (Relm-α) to express plod2 (Lysyl hydroxylase 2). This enzyme leads to a type of collagen crosslinking (dihydroxy-lysinonorleucin, DHLNL) usually found in harder tissues such as bone, cartilage and tendons. Zebrafish lack Relm-α in their genome and their granulation tissue shows no signs of DHLNL crosslinks. Wounding of fish with transient ectopic expression of plod2b showed a larger amount of remaining collagen fibrils compared to wild type siblings. These observations suggest a central role of wound fibroblasts in determining the character of the collagen matrix and thereby the decision between rapid tissue repair or regeneration.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-85279 | ||||||||
Date: | 15 March 2018 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Zoologisches Institut | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 7 May 2018 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/8527 |
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