Ludwar, Björn (2003). Mechanisms for intersegmental leg coordination in walking stick insects. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
For efficient locomotion, the movements of single legs need to be coordinated during walking, which results in a stepping pattern or gait. This dissertation explores the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of a gait, in particular the neural basis of coupling of ipsilateral leg movements. In a semi-intact walking preparation of the stick insect Carausius morosus, correlations between ipsilateral mesothoracic motoneuron activity and walking movements of a front leg were described. Extracellular recordings showed a dedicated coupling of activity for mesothoracic protractor coxae and extensor tibiae motoneurons. Depressor trochanteris motoneurons showed a more flexible coupling. Mesothoracic retractor coxae and levator trochanteris motoneurons were active in anti-phase with their respective antagonists. Intracellular recordings revealed two different modulations of membrane potentials of mesothoracic motoneurons: a tonic modulation, lasting during the stepping activity of the front leg, and a rhythmic modulation, correlated with individual steps of the front leg. Evidence for tonic excitatory and inhibitory, as well as for rhythmic excitatory and inhibitory inputs were found for different motoneurons. Intracellular recordings of mesothoracic non-spiking interneurons of the pre-motor network revealed that these interneurons receive intersegmental coordinating signals. A tonic as well as a rhythmic modulation of their membrane potential, correlated with the walking activity of the ipsilateral front leg, were found. The non-spiking interneurons were in part morphologically identified and are known to process local sensory information. Hence, they could provide the basis for integration of local sensory and intersegmental signals. Additionally experiments were performed to investigate the origin of intersegmental signals. In experiments with an isolated chain of ganglia which was pharmacologically activated with pilocarpine, interaction between the central rhythm generating networks were studied. Sensory input was excluded in this preparation. No evidence was found for strong coupling of central pattern generators in mesothoracic and metathoracic segments, nor in prothoracic and mesothoracic segments. Two more sets of experiments focused on the role of sensory signals for intersegmental coordination. Signals from the mesothoracic femoral chordotonal organ, measuring position and movement of the femur-tibia joint, showed no clear influence on the activity of metathoracic motoneurons in the 'active' animal. Sensory signals from the metathoracic campaniform sensilla, measuring load on the leg, showed only a weak intersegmental influence on mesothoracic motoneuron activity, but a clear influence on local protractor and retractor motoneuron activity. The latter was found in the resting animal and with reversed effects in the 'active' animal, as well as during rhythmic activity evoked by application of pilocarpine.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-9232 | ||||||||
Date: | 2003 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Zoologisches Institut | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 4 June 2003 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/923 |
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