Golumba-Nagy, Viktória (2019). CAR modified T cells resist TGF-b mediated repression through engineered IL-7 triggered IL-2 signaling. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells induces spectacular regressions of leukemia and lymphoma, but failed so far in the treatment of solid cancer. One of the causes is the repression of T cell activity, especially T cell proliferation through TGF-b present in the tumor microenvironment. Here we show that T cells with a second generation CAR containing a CD28 signaling domain can overcome the suppression in T cell proliferation, in contrast to T cells with a 4-1BB-containing CAR. The resistance to TGF-b activity depends on the secretion of IL-2, which is induced via CD28-mediated activation of the kinase Lck. Deletion in the LCK binding motif of the CD28 domain of the CAR (CD28DLCK-z) was able to abrogate CAR-induced IL-2 secretion and the resistance of T cell proliferation in the presence of TGF-b. However, IL-2 secreted from activated CAR T cells also sustains suppressive Treg cells at the tumor site, thus impairing the anti-tumor response. To generate enhanced CAR T cells we sought to replace CD28-mediated IL-2 secretion by an alternative cytokine, which mediates an IL-2-like signal in trans for providing TGF-b resistance. In this context, expression of IL-7 in CD28DLCK-z CAR T cells mediated TGF-b resistance equivalent to IL-2. Since the IL-7 receptor is downregulated after T cell activation we further modified CD28DLCK-z CAR T cells with a hybrid cytokine receptor, which provides IL-2R b-chain signaling upon binding of co-expressed transgenic IL-7. The strategy minimizes the detrimental effects of secreted IL-2 and at the same time improves the CAR T cell activity against TGF-b+ tumors in vivo. Our data provide proof that editing the CD28 signaling capacities and establishing a CAR induced autocrine loop by synthetic biology can make CAR T cells more potent in the hostile environment of solid tumors.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-96636 | ||||||||
Date: | 2019 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin | ||||||||
Subjects: | Generalities, Science Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 3 April 2019 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/9663 |
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