Paß, Thomas (2020). Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Dopaminergic Neurons and the Impact on Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Doctoral Thesis_FinalSEP20_Thomas Paß.pdf - Accepted Version Download (4MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting ~1% of the population above 60 years. It is primarily characterized by severe motor deficits following the progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Non-motor symptoms, such as hyposmia and depression, further arise in a prodromal manner. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role for the loss of SNc DaNs, as evidenced by mitochondrial complex I impairing toxins, an especially high accumulation rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions as well as the wide variety of mitochondrial-related gene mutations in familial forms of PD. Given that neighboring DaNs in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared from neurodegeneration, however, cell type specific factors must additionally contribute to the selective vulnerability in PD. In this work, data of three manuscripts are presented, confirming that distinct DaN populations respond differently to mitochondrial dysfunction following inactivation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in mice. In the olfactory bulb (OB), only small anaxonic DaNs (SCs) are mildly reduced in numbers, which is however associated with severe olfactory dysfunction and suggests a putative role for OB DaNs in the development of PD-related hyposmia. The midbrain reveals progressive and exclusive loss of SNc DaNs, which is accompanied by a severe decline of motor function. In contrast to the VTA, DaNs in the SNc die through a detrimental imbalance in the mitochondrial redox system, triggered by enhanced intracellular Ca2+ loads. Whereas SNc DaNs perish due to the rapid and continuous loss of mtDNA upon TFAM inactivation, they can adapt to impaired mtDNA replication, demonstrated after the expression of a mutated variant of the mitochondrial helicase TWINKLE (K320E). Despite similar severe neurodegeneration of both SNc and VTA DaNs, aged SNc DaNs preserve striatal innervation and thereby normal motor performance. Conversely, VTA DaN projections are lost, causing depressive-like behavior in these animals. Thus, identification and stimulation of ongoing compensatory mechanisms in aged SNc DaNs of K320E-TwinkleDaN mice host the potential to help the small number of remaining SNc DaNs in PD patients to escape from cell death and concurrently to recover motor performance through enhanced striatal innervation.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-121302 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Physiologie und Pathophysiologie > Institut für Vegetative Physiologie | ||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 17 July 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/12130 |
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