Universität zu Köln

Schneider, Peter M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0744-2349, Prainsack, Barbara ORCID: 0000-0002-6335-1532 and Kayser, Manfred (2019). The Use of Forensic DNA Phenotyping in Predicting Appearance and Biogeographic Ancestry. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., 116 (51-52). S. 873 - 883. COLOGNE: DEUTSCHER AERZTE-VERLAG GMBH. ISSN 1866-0452

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Abstract

Background: Persons whose identifying DNA profile (STR profile) is not yet known to the ingvestigating authorities cannot be identified by standard forensic DNA analysis (STR profiling) as it is now practiced. In view of the current public debate, particularly in Germany, on the legalization of so-called forensic DNA phenotyping, we present its scientific basis, societal aspects, and forensic applications and describe the analytic techniques that are now available. Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and in public media, and on the authors' own research. Results: Forensically validated DNA test systems are available for the categorization of eye, hair, and skin color and the inference of continental biogeographic ancestry. As for statistical measures of test accuracy, the AUC (area under the curve) values lie in the range 0.74-0.99 for eye color, 0.64-0.94 for hair color, and 0.72-0.99 for skin color, depending on the predictive model and color category used. The corresponding positive predictive values (PPV) are lower. Empirical social-scientific research on forensic DNA phenotyping has shown that preserving privacy and protecting against discrimination are major ethical and regulatory considerations. Conclusion: All three methods of forensic DNA phenotyping-the predition of externally visible characteristics, biogeographic ancestry, and the estimation of age from crime scene DNA-require a proper regulatory framework and should be used in conjunction with each other. Before forensic DNA phenotyping can be implemented in forensic practice, steps must be taken to minimize the risks of violation of privacy and of ethnic discrimination and to ensure that these methods are used transparently and proportionately.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schneider, Peter M. UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-2349 UNSPECIFIED Prainsack, Barbara UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1532 UNSPECIFIED Kayser, Manfred UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-124009
DOI:	10.3238/arztebl.2019.0873
Journal or Publication Title:	Dtsch. Arztebl. Int.
Volume:	116
Number:	51-52
Page Range:	S. 873 - 883
Date:	2019
Publisher:	DEUTSCHER AERZTE-VERLAG GMBH
Place of Publication:	COLOGNE
ISSN:	1866-0452
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language HAIR COLOR PREDICTION; DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION; EYE COLOR; HIRISPLEX SYSTEM; GENETICS; GENOMICS; ASSAY; PANEL Multiple languages Medicine, General & Internal Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/12400