Universität zu Köln

Gameiro, Ricardo Ramos, Kaspar, Kai, Koenig, Sabine U., Nordholt, Sontje and Koenig, Peter (2017). Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior. Sci Rep, 7. LONDON: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

Many eye-tracking studies investigate visual behavior with a focus on image features and the semantic content of a scene. A wealth of results on these aspects is available, and our understanding of the decision process where to look has reached a mature stage. However, the temporal aspect, whether to stay and further scrutinize a region (exploitation) or to move on and explore image regions that were yet not in the focus of attention (exploration) is less well understood. Here, we investigate the trade-off between these two processes across stimuli with varying properties and sizes. In a free viewing task, we examined gaze parameters in humans, involving the central tendency, entropy, saccadic amplitudes, number of fixations and duration of fixations. The results revealed that the central tendency and entropy scaled with stimulus size. The mean saccadic amplitudes showed a linear increase that originated from an interaction between the distribution of saccades and the spatial bias. Further, larger images led to spatially more extensive sampling as indicated by a higher number of fixations at the expense of reduced fixation durations. These results demonstrate a profound shift from exploitation to exploration as an adaptation of main gaze parameters with increasing image size.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Gameiro, Ricardo Ramos UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kaspar, Kai UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Koenig, Sabine U. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Nordholt, Sontje UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Koenig, Peter UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-230767
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-017-02526-1
Journal or Publication Title:	Sci Rep
Volume:	7
Date:	2017
Publisher:	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	2045-2322
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language VISUAL-ATTENTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; SACCADE AMPLITUDE; SCENE; MECHANISMS; FIXATIONS; PREDICT; SYSTEM; MODEL; SIZE Multiple languages Multidisciplinary Sciences Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/23076