Universität zu Köln

Haneder, S. and Konstandin, S. (2016). FunctionalMRI 2.0. Na-23 and CEST imaging. Radiologe, 56 (2). S. 159 - 170. HEIDELBERG: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. ISSN 1432-2102

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Abstract

In recent years the purely morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly flanked by so-called functional imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), to obtain additional information about tissue or pathological processes. This review article presents two MR techniques that can detect physiological processes in the human body. In contrast to all other functional MR imaging techniques, which are based on hydrogen protons, the first technique presented (X-nuclei imaging) uses the spin of other nuclei for imaging and consequently allows a completely different insight into the human body. In this article X-nuclei imaging is focused on sodium (Na-23) MRI because it currently represents the main focus of research in this field due to the favorable MR properties of sodium. The second MR technique presented is the relatively novel chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging that can detect exchange processes between protons in metabolites and protons in free water. The first part of this article introduces the basic technical principles, problems, advantages and disadvantages of these two MR techniques, whereas the second part highlights the potential clinical applications. Examples illustrate several potential applications in neuroimaging (e.g. stroke and tumors), musculoskeletal imaging (e.g. osteoarthritis and degenerative processes) and abdominal imaging (e.g. kidneys and hypertension). Both techniques inherently contain an incredible potential for future imaging but are still on the threshold of clinical use and are currently under evaluation in many university centers.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Haneder, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Konstandin, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-285133
DOI:	10.1007/s00117-015-0071-9
Journal or Publication Title:	Radiologe
Volume:	56
Number:	2
Page Range:	S. 159 - 170
Date:	2016
Publisher:	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Place of Publication:	HEIDELBERG
ISSN:	1432-2102
Language:	German
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language EXCHANGE SATURATION-TRANSFER; TISSUE SODIUM CONCENTRATION; IN-VIVO; MRI; BRAIN; VIABILITY; KIDNEYS; COIL; RAT Multiple languages Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/28513