Blanc, Michel, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Andre, Nicolas, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Jones, Geraint, Sterken, Veerle, Desprats, William, Gurvits, Leonid, I, Khurana, Krishan, Balmino, Georges, Blocker, Aljona, Broquet, Renaud, Bunce, Emma, Cavel, Cyril, Choblet, Gael, Colins, Geoffrey, Coradini, Marcello, Cooper, John, Dirkx, Dominic, Fontaine, Dominique, Garnier, Philippe, Gaudin, David, Hartogh, Paul, Hussmann, Hauke, Genova, Antonio, Iess, Luciano, Jaggi, Adrian, Kempf, Sascha, Krupp, Norbert, Lara, Luisa, Lasue, Jeremie, Lainey, Valery, Leblanc, Francois, Lebreton, Jean-Pierre, Longobardo, Andrea ORCID: 0000-0002-1797-2741, Lorenz, Ralph, Martins, Philippe, Martins, Zita, Marty, Jean-Charles, Masters, Adam, Mimoun, David, Palumba, Ernesto, Parro, Victor, Regnier, Pascal, Saur, Joachim, Schutte, Adriaan, Sittler, Edward C., Spohn, Tilman, Srama, Ralf, Stephan, Katrin, Szego, Karoly, Tosi, Federico ORCID: 0000-0003-4002-2434, Vance, Steve, Wagner, Roland, Van Hoolst, Tim ORCID: 0000-0002-9820-8584, Volwerk, Martin, Wahlund, Jan-Erik, Westall, Frances and Wurz, Peter (2020). Joint Europa Mission (JEM): a multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life. Planet Space Sci., 193. OXFORD: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ISSN 0032-0633

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Abstract

Europa is the closest and probably the most promising target to search for extant life in the Solar System, based on complementary evidence that it may fulfil the key criteria for habitability: the Galileo discovery of a sub-surface ocean; the many indications that the ice shell is active and may be partly permeable to transfer of chemical species, biomolecules and elementary forms of life; the identification of candidate thermal and chemical energy sources necessary to drive a metabolic activity near the ocean floor. In this article we are proposing that ESA collaborates with NASA to design and fly jointly an ambitious and exciting planetary mission, which we call the Joint Europa Mission (JEM), to reach two objectives: perform a full characterization of Europa's habitability with the capabilities of a Europa orbiter, and search for bio-signatures in the environment of Europa (surface, subsurface and exosphere) by the combination of an orbiter and a lander. JEM can build on the advanced understanding of this system which the missions preceding JEM will provide: Juno, JUICE and Europa Clipper, and on the Europa lander concept currently designed by NASA (Maize, report to OPAG, 2019). We propose the following overarching goals for our Joint Europa Mission (JEM): Understand Europa as a complex system responding to Jupiter system forcing, characterize the habitability of its potential biosphere, and search for life at its surface and in its sub-surface and exosphere. We address these goals by a combination of five Priority Scientific Objectives, each with focused measurement objectives providing detailed constraints on the science payloads and on the platforms used by the mission. The JEM observation strategy will combine three types of scientific measurement sequences: measurements on a high-latitude, low-altitude Europan orbit; in-situ measurements to be performed at the surface, using a soft lander; and measurements during the final descent to Europa's surface. The implementation of these three observation sequences will rest on the combination of two science platforms: a soft lander to perform all scientific measurements at the surface and sub-surface at a selected landing site, and an orbiter to perform the orbital survey and descent sequences. We describe a science payload for the lander and orbiter that will meet our science objectives. We propose an innovative distribution of roles for NASA and ESA; while NASA would provide an SLS launcher, the lander stack and most of the mission operations, ESA would provide the carrier-orbiter-relay platform and a stand-alone astrobiology module for the characterization of life at Europa's surface: the Astrobiology We Laboratory (AWL). Following this approach, JEM will be a major exciting joint venture to the outer Solar System of NASA and ESA, working together toward one of the most exciting scientific endeavours of the 21st century: to search for life beyond our own planet.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Blanc, MichelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prieto-Ballesteros, OlgaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Andre, NicolasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gomez-Elvira, JavierUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jones, GeraintUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sterken, VeerleUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Desprats, WilliamUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gurvits, Leonid, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Khurana, KrishanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Balmino, GeorgesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Blocker, AljonaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Broquet, RenaudUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bunce, EmmaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cavel, CyrilUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Choblet, GaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Colins, GeoffreyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Coradini, MarcelloUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cooper, JohnUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dirkx, DominicUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fontaine, DominiqueUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garnier, PhilippeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gaudin, DavidUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hartogh, PaulUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hussmann, HaukeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genova, AntonioUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Iess, LucianoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jaggi, AdrianUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kempf, SaschaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Krupp, NorbertUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lara, LuisaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lasue, JeremieUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lainey, ValeryUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Leblanc, FrancoisUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lebreton, Jean-PierreUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Longobardo, AndreaUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-1797-2741UNSPECIFIED
Lorenz, RalphUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Martins, PhilippeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Martins, ZitaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Marty, Jean-CharlesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Masters, AdamUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mimoun, DavidUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palumba, ErnestoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Parro, VictorUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Regnier, PascalUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Saur, JoachimUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schutte, AdriaanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sittler, Edward C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Spohn, TilmanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Srama, RalfUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stephan, KatrinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Szego, KarolyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tosi, FedericoUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-4002-2434UNSPECIFIED
Vance, SteveUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wagner, RolandUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Hoolst, TimUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-9820-8584UNSPECIFIED
Volwerk, MartinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wahlund, Jan-ErikUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Westall, FrancesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wurz, PeterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-311404
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2020.104960
Journal or Publication Title: Planet Space Sci.
Volume: 193
Date: 2020
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Place of Publication: OXFORD
ISSN: 0032-0633
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
HYDRATED SALT MINERALS; HUYGENS PROBE; SULFURIC-ACID; INSTRUMENT; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; SECONDARY; PLUMEMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/31140

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