Universität zu Köln

Ioannou, Chara, Seernani, Divya, Stefanou, Maria Elena ORCID: 0000-0001-6469-2876, Riedel, Andreas, Tebartz van Elst, Ludger, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, Fleischhaker, Christian, Biscaldi-Schaefer, Monica, Boccignone, Giuseppe ORCID: 0000-0002-5572-0924 and Klein, Christoph (2020). Comorbidity Matters: Social Visual Attention in a Comparative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbidity. Front. Psychiatry, 11. LAUSANNE: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. ISSN 1664-0640

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Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represent two common neurodevelopmental disorders with considerable co-occurrence. Their comorbidity (ASD + ADHD) has been included in the latest diagnostic guidelines (DSM-V, 2013). The present study focuses on social visual attention that i) is a main aspect of social attention reflecting social cognition and ii) its atypicalities have been suggested as a potential biomarker for ASD. Considering the possible shared background of both disorders and their comorbidity, it is important to compare such traits directly. Here, 73 children and adolescents paired for age and IQ diagnosed with ASD (N = 12), ADHD (N = 21), comorbid ASD + ADHD (N = 15), and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 25), were shown static real-life social scenes while their gaze movements were recorded with eye-tracking. Scenes with two levels of social complexity were presented: low complexity (one person depicted) and high (four interacting individuals). Gaze fixation variables were investigated. Fixation duration on faces was significantly reduced only in ASD + ADHD which also required longer time to fixate all faces at least once. Fixation duration on faces in ASD was reduced, compared to TD, only when looking at scenes with high versus low social complexity. ADHD individuals did not differ from TD. Concluding, the observed alterations of social visual attention support the existence of possible dysfunctional particularities differentiating ASD, ADHD, and ASD + ADHD, which can be revealed with the new method of eye-tracking technique. The objective gaze measurements provided contribute to the development of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, amelioration of care and further interventions specified for each group.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Ioannou, Chara UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Seernani, Divya UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Stefanou, Maria Elena UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-2876 UNSPECIFIED Riedel, Andreas UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tebartz van Elst, Ludger UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Smyrnis, Nikolaos UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Fleischhaker, Christian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Biscaldi-Schaefer, Monica UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Boccignone, Giuseppe UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-0924 UNSPECIFIED Klein, Christoph UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-317881
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyt.2020.545567
Journal or Publication Title:	Front. Psychiatry
Volume:	11
Date:	2020
Publisher:	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Place of Publication:	LAUSANNE
ISSN:	1664-0640
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language EYE-TRACKING; LIFE-SPAN; CHILDREN; ADHD; ASD; METAANALYSIS; CHILDHOOD; TRAITS; INFORMATION; PREVALENCE Multiple languages Psychiatry Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/31788