Carleo, Ilaria, Gandolfi, Davide ORCID: 0000-0001-8627-9628, Barragan, Oscar ORCID: 0000-0003-0563-0493, Livingston, John H., Persson, Carina M., Lam, Kristine W. F., Vidotto, Aline, Lund, Michael B., D'Angelo, Carolina Villarreal, Collins, Karen A., Fossati, Luca, Howard, Andrew W., Kubyshkina, Daria ORCID: 0000-0001-9137-9818, Brahm, Rafael, Oklopcic, Antonija, Molliere, Paul, Redfield, Seth, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Dai, Fei, Fridlund, Malcolm, Borsa, Francesco, Korth, Judith ORCID: 0000-0002-0076-6239, Esposito, Massimiliano, Diaz, Matias R., Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard, Hellier, Coel, Mathur, Savita ORCID: 0000-0002-0129-0316, Deeg, Hans J., Hatzes, Artie P., Benatti, Serena, Rodler, Florian, Alarcon, Javier, Spina, Lorenzo, Santos, Angela R. G., Georgieva, Iskra, Garcia, Rafael A., Gonzalez-Cuesta, Lucia, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Albrecht, Simon, Batalha, Natalie M., Beard, Corey, Boyd, Patricia T., Bouchy, Francois, Burt, Jennifer A., Butler, R. Paul, Cabrera, Juan ORCID: 0000-0001-6653-5487, Chontos, Ashley, Ciardi, David R., Cochran, William D., Collins, Kevin, I, Crane, Jeffrey D., Crossfield, Ian, Csizmadia, Szilard, Dragomir, Diana, Dressing, Courtney, Eigmueller, Philipp, Endl, Michael, Erikson, Anders, Espinoza, Nestor, Fausnaugh, Michael, Feng, Fabo, Flowers, Erin, Fulton, Benjamin, Gonzales, Erica J., Grieves, Nolan, Grziwa, Sascha, Guenther, Eike W., Guerrero, Natalia M., Henning, Thomas, Hidalgo, Diego, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hjorth, Maria, Huber, Daniel ORCID: 0000-0001-8832-4488, Isaacson, Howard, Jones, Matias, Jordan, Andres, Kabath, Petr, Kane, Stephen R., Knudstrup, Emil ORCID: 0000-0001-7880-594X, Lubin, Jack, Luque, Rafael, Mireles, Ismael ORCID: 0000-0002-4510-2268, Narita, Norio, Nespral, David, Niraula, Prajwal, Nowak, Grzegorz, Palle, Enric, Paetzold, Martin, Petigura, Erik A., Prieto-Arranz, Jorge, Rauer, Heike, Robertson, Paul, Rose, Mark E., Roy, Arpita, Sarkis, Paula, Schlieder, Joshua E., Segransan, Damien, Shectman, Stephen, Skarka, Marek, Smith, Alexis M. S., Smith, Jeffrey C., Stassun, Keivan, Teske, Johanna, Twicken, Joseph D., Van Eylen, Vincent ORCID: 0000-0001-5542-8870, Wang, Sharon, Weiss, Lauren M. and Wyttenbach, Aurelien ORCID: 0000-0001-9003-7699 (2020). The Multiplanet System TOI-421*. Astron. J., 160 (3). BRISTOL: IOP PUBLISHING LTD. ISSN 1538-3881

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Abstract

We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V = 9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations-comprised of Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging, and FIbre-fed Echelle Spectrograph, CORALIE, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, High Resolution echelle Spectrometer, and Planet Finder Spectrograph high-precision Doppler measurements-and confirmed the planetary nature of the 16 day transiting candidate announced by the TESS team. We discovered an additional radial velocity signal with a period of five days induced by the presence of a second planet in the system, which we also found to transit its host star. We found that the inner mini-Neptune, TOI-421 b, has an orbital period of P-b = 5.19672 +/- 0.00049 days, a mass of M-b = 7.17 +/- 0.66 M-circle plus, and a radius of R-b = R-circle plus, whereas the outer warm Neptune, TOI-421 c, has a period of P-c = 16.06819 +/- 0.00035 days, a mass of M-c = 16.42(-1.04)(+1.06)M(circle plus), a radius of R-c = 5.09(-0.15)(+0.16)R(circle plus), and a density of rho(c) = 0.685(-0.072)(+0.080) cm(-3). With its characteristics, the outer planet (rho(c) = 0.685(-0.0072)(+0.080) cm(-3)) is placed in the intriguing class of the super-puffy mini-Neptunes. TOI-421 b and TOI-421 c are found to be well-suited for atmospheric characterization. Our atmospheric simulations predict significant Ly alpha transit absorption, due to strong hydrogen escape in both planets, as well as the presence of detectable CH4 in the atmosphere of TOI-421 c if equilibrium chemistry is assumed.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Carleo, IlariaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, DavideUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628UNSPECIFIED
Barragan, OscarUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-0563-0493UNSPECIFIED
Livingston, John H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Persson, Carina M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lam, Kristine W. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vidotto, AlineUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lund, Michael B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
D'Angelo, Carolina VillarrealUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Collins, Karen A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fossati, LucaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Howard, Andrew W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kubyshkina, DariaUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9818UNSPECIFIED
Brahm, RafaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Oklopcic, AntonijaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Molliere, PaulUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Redfield, SethUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Serrano, Luisa MariaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dai, FeiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, MalcolmUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Borsa, FrancescoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korth, JudithUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-0076-6239UNSPECIFIED
Esposito, MassimilianoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Diaz, Matias R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nielsen, Louise DyregaardUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hellier, CoelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mathur, SavitaUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-0129-0316UNSPECIFIED
Deeg, Hans J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, Artie P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benatti, SerenaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodler, FlorianUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Alarcon, JavierUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Spina, LorenzoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Santos, Angela R. G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Georgieva, IskraUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, Rafael A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gonzalez-Cuesta, LuciaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ricker, George R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vanderspek, RolandUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Latham, David W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Seager, SaraUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Winn, Joshua N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jenkins, Jon M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, SimonUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Batalha, Natalie M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Beard, CoreyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boyd, Patricia T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bouchy, FrancoisUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Burt, Jennifer A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Butler, R. PaulUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, JuanUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487UNSPECIFIED
Chontos, AshleyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ciardi, David R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cochran, William D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Collins, Kevin, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Crane, Jeffrey D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Crossfield, IanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, SzilardUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dragomir, DianaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dressing, CourtneyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eigmueller, PhilippUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Endl, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Erikson, AndersUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Espinoza, NestorUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fausnaugh, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Feng, FaboUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Flowers, ErinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fulton, BenjaminUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gonzales, Erica J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grieves, NolanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, SaschaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guenther, Eike W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guerrero, Natalia M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, ThomasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hidalgo, DiegoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hirano, TeruyukiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hjorth, MariaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Huber, DanielUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-8832-4488UNSPECIFIED
Isaacson, HowardUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jones, MatiasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jordan, AndresUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kabath, PetrUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kane, Stephen R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Knudstrup, EmilUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-7880-594XUNSPECIFIED
Lubin, JackUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Luque, RafaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mireles, IsmaelUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-4510-2268UNSPECIFIED
Narita, NorioUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nespral, DavidUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Niraula, PrajwalUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, GrzegorzUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palle, EnricUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paetzold, MartinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Petigura, Erik A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prieto-Arranz, JorgeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rauer, HeikeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Robertson, PaulUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rose, Mark E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Roy, ArpitaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sarkis, PaulaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schlieder, Joshua E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Segransan, DamienUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shectman, StephenUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Skarka, MarekUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Smith, Jeffrey C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stassun, KeivanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Teske, JohannaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Twicken, Joseph D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, VincentUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-5542-8870UNSPECIFIED
Wang, SharonUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Weiss, Lauren M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wyttenbach, AurelienUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-9003-7699UNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-322103
DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aba124
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. J.
Volume: 160
Number: 3
Date: 2020
Publisher: IOP PUBLISHING LTD
Place of Publication: BRISTOL
ISSN: 1538-3881
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
LOW-MASS STARS; ERROR-CORRECTION; RADIAL-VELOCITY; LIGHT CURVES; HOT JUPITER; NEPTUNE; PLANET; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; COMPANIONSMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/32210

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