Universität zu Köln

Stahl, Christoph and Bading, Karoline Corinna (2020). Evaluative Conditioning of Pattern-Masked Nonwords Requires Perceptual Awareness. J. Exp. Psychol.-Learn. Mem. Cogn., 46 (5). S. 822 - 851. WASHINGTON: AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. ISSN 1939-1285

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Abstract

The evaluative conditioning (EC) phenomenon is central to the study of preference acquisition and attitude formation. Early studies have reported EC in the absence of awareness, but more recent work has questioned this conclusion. In previous work, using briefly presented and pattern-masked conditioned stimuli (CSs), we found that above-chance forced-choice identification of CSs is necessary for EC. Here we extend this work by addressing more directly the inherently subjective issue of consciousness. In 2 studies, we assessed whether above-threshold perceptual awareness of CSs is necessary for EC. Contrasting unconscious learning claims, EC was absent under low and intermediate levels of perceptual awareness. Additional findings suggest that the perceptual awareness task does not interfere with EC, and that it is more sensitive than memory-based awareness proxies. We also found that a confounded variant of the forced-choice identification task can artifactually induce EC; and that an unconfounded version of the task does not induce nor interfere with EC. We discuss limitations of the present studies as well as their relevance for the debate about the automaticity of evaluative learning.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Stahl, Christoph UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bading, Karoline Corinna UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-336036
DOI:	10.1037/xlm0000757
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Exp. Psychol.-Learn. Mem. Cogn.
Volume:	46
Number:	5
Page Range:	S. 822 - 851
Date:	2020
Publisher:	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
Place of Publication:	WASHINGTON
ISSN:	1939-1285
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ATTITUDE FORMATION; 2 MINDS; IDENTIFICATION; IMPLICIT; VALENCE; PAIRINGS; REVEAL Multiple languages Psychology; Psychology, Experimental Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/33603