Universität zu Köln

Krug, Oliver, Thomas, Andreas ORCID: 0000-0003-1199-0743, Walpurgis, Katja, Piper, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0002-7462-6693, Sigmund, Gerd, Schaenzer, Wilhelm, Laussmann, Tim ORCID: 0000-0002-0180-3513 and Thevis, Mario (2014). Identification of black market products and potential doping agents in Germany 2010-2013. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 70 (11). S. 1303 - 1312. HEIDELBERG: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. ISSN 1432-1041

Full text not available from this repository.

Abstract

Purpose The desire to increase the athletic performance, to 'optimize' an individual's appearance, and to complement but also to arguably substitute exercise by means of drugs and drug candidates has generated a considerable (illicit) market for compounds such as anabolic-androgenic steroids, stimulants, growth promoting peptide hormones, and so on. Genuinely developed for therapeutic use, their abuse/misuse generates enormous health risks, which has necessitated comprehensive controls of compound trafficking by customs and anti-doping authorities. Methods From 2012 to 2013, the Bureau of Customs Investigation confiscated products containing anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS; 259 kg), stimulants (13 kg), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; 24 kg), and human growth hormone (hGH; 3500 ampules). In cooperation with the Bureau and under the umbrella of the European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), the Cologne Anti-Doping Laboratory analyzed an additional 337 (black market) products between 2010 and 2013, allowing to monitor developments in drug use and, hence, the anticipation of new challenges in sports drug testing. Main tools utilized in characterizing confiscated materials were liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with subsequent bottom-up identification of peptidic compounds using nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Results Among the 337 substances analyzed in the doping control laboratory in Cologne, 67 active ingredients were found, 49 of which being categorized as doping agents by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). A total of 83.7 % accounted for steroidal substances (predominantly testosterone, trenbolone, and nandrolone and corresponding esters), 12.8 % accounted for peptide hormones and growth factors (predominantly hGH and growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs)), 3.2 % of the products contained hormones and metabolic modulators, and 0.3 % accounted for diuretic agents. Outstanding findings were the detection of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) LGD-4033, the thymic hormone thymosin beta 4, and a fusion protein of unknown biological activity. Conclusions Trafficking of considerable amounts of arguably performance and/or body-enhancing compounds has been observed during the past 4 years, the majority of which is categorized as relevant to sports drug testing. Several substances are of fake/non-approved nature and represent enormous health risks to the 'customer'.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Krug, Oliver UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thomas, Andreas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0743 UNSPECIFIED Walpurgis, Katja UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Piper, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-6693 UNSPECIFIED Sigmund, Gerd UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schaenzer, Wilhelm UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Laussmann, Tim UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-3513 UNSPECIFIED Thevis, Mario UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-424797
DOI:	10.1007/s00228-014-1743-5
Journal or Publication Title:	Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
Volume:	70
Number:	11
Page Range:	S. 1303 - 1312
Date:	2014
Publisher:	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Place of Publication:	HEIDELBERG
ISSN:	1432-1041
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS; GROWTH-HORMONE; ANABOLIC-STEROIDS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FITNESS-SPORTS; SUPPLEMENTS; PREVALENCE; QUALITY Multiple languages Pharmacology & Pharmacy Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/42479