Universität zu Köln

Stock, Friederike ORCID: 0000-0003-4182-3778, Kerschner, Michael, Kraft, John C., Pint, Anna, Frenzel, Peter and Brueckner, Helmut (2014). The palaeogeographies of Ephesos (Turkey), its harbours, and the Artemision - a geoarchaeological reconstruction for the timespan 1500-300 BC. Z. Geomorphol., 58. S. 33 - 67. STUTTGART: GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER. ISSN 0372-8854

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Abstract

This geoarchaeological study deals with the coastline evolution around Ephesos (Western Turkey), as well as the related settlements and harbours from 1500 until 300 BC. It focuses on the vicinity of the Artemision (sanctuary of Artemis) site, with special regard to the sacred precinct (temenos) of the main sanctuary of the city. The results give new insights into (i) the farthest inland extension of the Holocene marine transgression, (ii) the sedimentation rates during the Holocene, and (iii) potential harbour sites adjacent to the Artemision. Vibracores up to a depth of 17 m were analyzed using geochemical and sedimentological as well as micro- and macrofaunal methods. In the area of the (later) Artemision the maximum marine transgression dates to the beginning of the 5th millennium BC. At that time, the sea had transgressed at least 18 km inland up to Belevi. The sedimentation rate was very low (0.4 mm/yr) until the lst millennium BC; by the end of the millennium AD it had accelerated, at times by up to a factor often. This was due to human impact, mainly deforestation, and resulted in a delta advance of the Derbent and Selinus rivers. The first temple of Artemis was built in the 7th century BC with a much smaller size and simpler ground plan than the subsequent large marble temples, the construction of which started in the 6th and 4th centuries BC, respectively. By then, the area of the Artemision had silted up, and the coastline had shifted to the north and west of the temple. Ancient authors mention two harbours at Ephesos in pre-Hellenistic times: the Koressian harbour and the 'sacred harbour'. The latter was most probably located in a small embayment between the Artemision and Ayasoluk hill 150 m to the north of the 6th century BC temple of Artemis. It silted up during the following two centuries and had completely disappeared by around 300 BC. We therefore presume that during the 5th to 4th centuries BC the Koressian harbour, located in a marine embayment on the northern side of Panayirdag, gradually took over the function of the main harbour of Ephesos.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Stock, Friederike UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-3778 UNSPECIFIED Kerschner, Michael UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kraft, John C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pint, Anna UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Frenzel, Peter UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Brueckner, Helmut UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-450004
DOI:	10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00166
Journal or Publication Title:	Z. Geomorphol.
Volume:	58
Page Range:	S. 33 - 67
Date:	2014
Publisher:	GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER
Place of Publication:	STUTTGART
ISSN:	0372-8854
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ANCIENT EPHESUS; SOUTHERN TURKEY; VALLEY FILLS; SOIL-EROSION; HOLOCENE; CONSEQUENCES; ANATOLIA; HISTORY; SEA; AGE Multiple languages Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/45000