Nader Nieto, Anna Camila (2011). Structural and functional characterization of natural alleles of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) starch phosphorylases associated with tuber quality traits. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The enzymatic degradation of tuber starch and the subsequent accumulation of reducing sugars upon cold storage, also known as cold sweetening, are complex traits that negatively affect potato processing quality, constituting a challenge for breeding programs. In an effort to decipher the molecular basis of cold sweetening, a previous association mapping study identified DNA polymorphisms in functional genes of the carbohydrate metabolism, which were associated with tuber starch content and chip quality before and after cold storage. Two of the associated alleles encoded the plastidial starch phosphorylases Pho1a and Pho1b located on chromosomes III and V, respectively. The main objective of this research was to functionally characterize allelic variants of starch phosphorylase that possibly contribute to the variation of quality traits. Full length Pho1a cDNA’s were cloned from four tetraploid potato cultivars. The Pho1a-HA allele was identified, which represented the molecular markers associated with tuber quality traits. The association of Pho1a-HA was further confirmed in two additional populations, in which genotypes bearing the allele accumulated fewer reducing sugars during cold storage and had higher contents of starch. The Pho1a-HA allele was negatively associated with resistance to tuber bruising. Despite the presence of polymorphisms in areas of positive and negative regulation of the Pho1a promoter, the expression in tubers of the Pho1a-HA allele was constant during cold storage and corresponded to the allele dosage, showing that the allele is not subjected to transcriptional regulation. The presence of the PHO1a-HA isoform in protein extracts was confirmed by 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. This isoform contains six amino acid substitutions from which one has no precedents in all known glucan phosphorylases. Activity assays demonstrated that genotypes bearing the PHO1a-HA isoform in a duplex allele dosage had no detectable starch phosphorylase activity, suggesting that Pho1a-HA is an allele which compromises functional starch phosphorylase enzyme complexes. The negative effect of the novel substitutions in key regions for protein dimerization, shown by in silico mutagenesis in the crystal structure of the rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase, supports this hypothesis. The association of Pho1a-HA with quality traits in different populations and the detrimental effect of the allele on enzyme activity support the hypothesis that natural variants of the Pho1a gene contribute to the phenotypic variation in tuber quality traits and provides further insights into the understanding of sugar accumulation at low temperatures. Additionally, natural alleles of the Pho1b gene were identified. The large amount of SNPs limited the phasing and haplotype assembly. Non-synonymous SNPs however, allowed the clustering of the alleles which were assigned to the different SSCP polymorphisms associated with quality traits. The broad genetic diversity of potato cultivars and wild relatives offers a wealth of natural resources, which genetic potential can be exploited to improve agronomic performance. The PCR-based molecular markers developed in this work can be integrated by breeders in their selection programs.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-47918 | ||||||||
Date: | 28 June 2011 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > MPI for Plant Breeding Research | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Agriculture |
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Date of oral exam: | 28 June 2011 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/4791 |
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