Rolletter, Michael ORCID: 0000-0003-3335-8570 (2021). Experimental study of the chemical degradation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by atmospheric OH radicals. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Approximately 1000 Tg of carbon is annually emitted by biogenic sources. In the atmosphere, these compounds are oxidized and thereby secondary air pollutants are formed such as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone, thus contribution to air quality and climate change. At daytime, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are mainly degraded by photolytically produced hydroxyl (OH) radicals. In the presence of nitric oxide (NO), OH initiated reactions proceed through radical chain reactions that involve organic peroxy radicals (RO2). In field studies conducted in forested environments, which were characterized by large BVOC emissions and low NO concentrations, measured OH concentrations were largely underestimated by model calculations using state-of-the-art chemical models, thus underestimating the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In the degradation scheme of isoprene, the BVOC with the globally highest emission rate, new chemical pathways for OH regeneration that involve unimolecular reactions of RO2 have been discovered. However, few studies exist, which investigate radical regeneration in the photooxidation of other abundant hydrocarbons and monoterpenes. This thesis aims for investigating potential new pathways for radical regeneration in the the photooxidation of three selected BVOCs that were abundant in previous field campaigns: 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO), alpha-pinene, and the oxidation production of alpha-pinene, pinonaldehyde. In total, five experiments, which were conducted in 2012 and 2014 in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber), are analyzed. A comprehensive set of instruments provided concentration measurements of OH and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals, OH reactivity, injected BVOCs, formed oxidation products, NOx (= NO + NO2), and measurements of physical parameters (radiation, temperature, and pressure). In contrast to previous studies, all experiments were performed at ambient reactant concentrations and low NO mixing ratios (< 220 pptv, parts per trillion by volume) to simulate conditions that are typical in forested regions. In the analysis of this work, measured concentration time series of radicals and organic compounds are compared to zero-dimensional box model calculations that are derived from the recent version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The MCM is a widely used state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical mechanism. In the MBO experiment, the model is capable to reproduce observed radical concentrations and measured product distributions. In contrast, the MCM significantly underestimates measured OH and HO2 concentrations in the photooxidation of alpha-pinene and pinonaldehyde. However, the model can reproduce observed OH concentrations when modeled HO2 concentrations are constrained to measurements. This shows that the current alpha-pinene and pinonaldehyde degradation mechanisms lack HO2 sources. In addition, measurements of the oxidation product pinonaldehyde suggest that the yields of RO2 radicals formed in the initial attack of OH on α-pinene are different than previously assumed. For each analyzed BVOC, sensitivity model studies were performed with modification of the MCM mechanism based on available theoretical studies that provide additional reaction pathways of RO2 radicals, different branching ratios, and unimolecular reactions. Additional sensitivity runs were done to explain the missing HO2 source. In the pinonaldehyde experiments, the MCM strongly underestimates the pinonaldehyde degradation. This could be partly explained by the parameterization of the pinonladehyde photolysis rate in the MCM. In order to explain the observed pinonaldehyde consumption, the photolysis rate needs to be a factor of 3 higher than the values calculated with the parameterization in the MCM. This is consistent with calculations of the photolysis rate using the measured solar actinic flux spectrum, a published absorption spectrum, and adjusting the effective quantum yield to a value of 0.9. At low NO concentrations, the reaction of RO2 with HO2 gains in importance in the competition with RO2 reactions with NO. Recent studies showed that the reaction of acetylperoxy radicals (CH3C(O)O2) with HO2 does not only terminate the radical reaction chain but can regenerate OH radicals and therefore can contribute to missing radical regenration in remote regions. The CH3C(O)O2 detection in previous laboratory studies was mainly done in the ultraviolet (UV). In this spectral area, the absorption spectra of different peroxy radicals overlap. This could lead to systematic errors in the determination of concentrations and reaction rate constants if not properly accounted for. In this thesis, the near infrared spectrum and absorption cross sections of CH3C(O)O2 were measured by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The newly measured absorption cross sections were used to convert CH3C(O)O2 absorbance into absolute concentrations. Measured CH3C(O)O2 concentration time series were used to validate the absorption cross section by redetermining the second-order reaction rate of the CH3C(O)O2 self-reaction. The newly measured absorption cross sections will help to achieve more accurate measurements of CH3C(O)O2 concentration in future laboratory experiments to better quantify the fraction of regenerated radicals. The results presented in this thesis, help to discover new radical regeneration pathways and improve the understanding of model-measurement discrepancies, which have been observed in previous field experiments. However, future studies are needed that provide additional measurements of oxidation products and reaction intermediates to further resolve reaction pathways.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-527089 | ||||||||
Series Name: | Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Energie & Umwelt | ||||||||
Volume: | 550 | ||||||||
Date: | August 2021 | ||||||||
Publisher: | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag | ||||||||
Place of Publication: | Jülich | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1866-1793 | ||||||||
ISBN: | 978-3-95806-568-0 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > Forschungszentrum Jülich | ||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 23 July 2021 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/52708 |
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