Universität zu Köln

Zhang, Jie (2013). A Study on Dust Dry Deposition: Wind-tunnel Experiment and Improved Parameterization. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.

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Abstract

Dust deposition is a key component of the dust cycle in the Earth system. The lack of understanding for the mechanisms of dust deposition has been a major bottle neck to the development of the dust-related research field. The focus of this study is to obtain data for dust dry deposition, to validate the existing dust deposition schemes and to improve the parameterization for dust deposition processes. A series of dust deposition experiments are carried out in a wind-tunnel laboratory. A laser-based PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) technique is employed to measure the velocity and size of the dust particles which pass through the sampling area. Dust concentration is measured using an Aerosol Spectrometer and wind and turbulence are measured using a sonic anemometer and other conventional wind-tunnel instruments. A new method for processing the data is proposed. The PDPA data are used to derive the dust deposition velocity for different particle sizes and wind and surface conditions. A reliable dataset is obtained through the wind-tunnel experiments, which are then used to validate two representative dust deposition schemes, the Slinn and Slinn (1980) scheme for smooth surfaces and the Slinn (1982) scheme for vegetation canopies. It is found that the schemes tend to underestimate dust deposition velocity, especially for rough surfaces. The effect of interception is seriously underestimated in the schemes. A new dust deposition scheme is proposed in this study. The relationship between dust deposition and momentum depletion is established. The drag partition theory including the surface parameterization method is introduced to describe dust deposition. The improved scheme is suitable for both rough and smooth surfaces. The predictions of the new scheme are found to agree well with the experimental data. By sensitivity analysis, it is found that the newly introduced surface parameter, element frontal area index, has a predominant effect on surface collection efficiency and influences the deposition of particles of all sizes.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD thesis)
Translated abstract:	Abstract Language Die Staubdeposition ist eine Schlüsselkomponente des Staubzyklus, allerdings sind die Depositionsmechanismen noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Dies limitiert die Fortentwicklung der Staubforschung. Die Hauptaspekte dieser Studie sind daher die Gewinnung verlässlicher Daten zur trockenen Deposition von Staubpartikeln, die Validierung existierender Staubdepositionsschemata sowie die Verbesserung der Parametrisierung der Staubdepositionsprozesse. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Reihe von Experimenten im Windtunnel durchge- führt. Um Geschwindigkeit und Größe der Staubpartikel festzustellen, die den Messbereich passierten, wurde eine laserbasierte PDPA („Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer“) Technik angewandt. Mit Hilfe eines Aerosolspektrometers wurde die Staubkonzentration gemessen. Wind- und Turbulenzmessungen wurden mit einem Schallanemometer und weiteren im Windtunnel üblichen Messgeräten durchgeführt. Es wird außerdem eine neue Methode zur Datenverarbeitung vorgestellt. Die Staubdepositionsgeschwindigkeit wird für verschiedene Partikelgrößen, Wind- und Bodenoberflächenbedingungen auf Basis der PDPA-Daten bestimmt. Durch die Windtunnelexperimente konnte auf diese Weise ein zuverlässiger Datensatz erstellt werden, auf dessen Grundlage zwei repräsentative Depositionssch- emata validiert werden konnten, nämlich das Schema von Slinn und Slinn (1980) für glatte Oberflächen und das Schema von Slinn (1982) für Vegetationsbedeckung. Es zeigte sich hierbei, dass die Schemata die Depositionsgeschwindigkeit insbesondere für raue Oberflächen leicht unterschätzen. Der Effekt der Interzeption hingegen wird in den Schemata deutlich unterschätzt. Ein neues Staubdepositionsschema wird in der vorliegenden Studie vorgestellt. Hierin wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Staubdeposition und Impulsvernichtung etabliert. Zur Beschreibung der Deposition wird die „drag partition“ Theorie inklusive der Bodenoberflächenparametrisierung eingeführt. Die verbesserte Parametrisierung kann nun sowohl auf glatte als auch auf raue Bodenoberflächen angewendet werden. Es zeigen sich gute Übereinstimmungen der Ergebnisse des neuen Depositions- modells mit den Windtunnelmessungen. Durch eine Sensitivitätsanalyse konnte der neu eingeführte Oberflächenparameter, der Element-Frontalflächenindex, als vorwie- gender Einflussfaktor auf die Kollisionseffizienz der Bodenoberfläche identifiziert werden. Somit hat der Index starken Einfluss auf die Deposition von Partikeln aller Größen. German
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Zhang, Jie zj8341@gmail.com UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-53749
Date:	20 November 2013
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology
Subjects:	Earth sciences
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language Dust dry deposition English Wind-tunnel experiment English Scheme English
Date of oral exam:	28 October 2013
Referee:	Name Academic Title Shao, Yaping Prof. Dr. Crewell, Susanne Prof. Dr.
Funders:	DFG
Projects:	DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) project:’ A Wind-tunnel Study on Dust-deposition Mechanics and Validation of Dust-deposition Schemes’
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Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5374