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Schweppe, Gregor, Hinzen, Klaus-G., Reamer, Sharon K. and Marco, Shmuel (2021). Reconstructing the slip velocities of the 1202 and 1759 CE earthquakes based on faulted archaeological structures at Tell Ateret, Dead Sea Fault. J. Seismol., 25 (4). S. 1021 - 1043. DORDRECHT: SPRINGER. ISSN 1573-157X

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Abstract

Archaeological structures built across active faults and ruptured by earthquakes have been used as markers to measure the amount of displacement caused by ground motion and thus to estimate the magnitude of ancient earthquakes. The example used in this study is the Crusader fortress at Tel Ateret (Vadum Iacob) in the Jordan Gorge, north of the Sea of Galilee, a site which has been ruptured repeatedly since the Iron Age. We use detailed laser scans and discrete element models of the fortification walls to deduce the slip velocity during the earthquake. Further, we test whether the in-situ observed deformation pattern of the walls allows quantification of the amount both sides of the fault moved and whether post-seismic creep contributed to total displacement. The dynamic simulation of the reaction of the fortification wall to a variety of earthquake scenarios supports the hypothesis that the wall was ruptured by two earthquakes in 1202 and 1759 CE. For the first time, we can estimate the slip velocity during the earth-quakes to 3 and 1 m/s for the two events, attribute the main motion to the Arabian plate with a mostly locked Sinai plate, and exclude significant creep contribution to the observed displacements of 1.25 and 0.5 m, respectively. Considering a minimum long-term slip rate at the site of 2.6 mm/year, there is a deficit of at least 1.6 m slip corresponding to a potential future magnitude 7.5 earthquake; if we assume similar to 5 mm/year geodetic rate, the deficit is even larger.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schweppe, Gregor UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hinzen, Klaus-G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Reamer, Sharon K. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Marco, Shmuel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-576520
DOI:	10.1007/s10950-021-10009-0
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Seismol.
Volume:	25
Number:	4
Page Range:	S. 1021 - 1043
Date:	2021
Publisher:	SPRINGER
Place of Publication:	DORDRECHT
ISSN:	1573-157X
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language SEISMICITY; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORM; RIFT; RECURRENCE; MAGNITUDE; RUPTURES; INPLANE; LEBANON; HAZARD Multiple languages Geochemistry & Geophysics Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/57652