Universität zu Köln

Koch, Till ORCID: 0000-0002-0140-2808, Mellinghoff, Sibylle C., Shamsrizi, Parichehr, Addo, Marylyn M. and Dahlke, Christine ORCID: 0000-0002-2056-9195 (2021). Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, 9 (3). BASEL: MDPI. ISSN 2076-393X

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Abstract

We are in the midst of a pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than two million deaths after one year of the pandemic. The world is experiencing a deep economic recession. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have been developed at an unprecedented speed, with more than 200 vaccine candidates currently under investigation. Among those, 20 candidates have entered the clinical Phase 3 to evaluate efficacy, and three have been approved by the European Medicines Agency. The aim of immunization is to act against infection, disease and/or transmission. However, the measurement of vaccine efficacy is challenging, as efficacy trials need to include large cohorts with verum and placebo cohorts. In the future, this will be even more challenging as further vaccine candidates will receive approval, an increasing number of humans will receive vaccinations and incidence might decrease. To evaluate novel and second-generation vaccine candidates, randomized placebo-controlled trials might not be appropriate anymore. Correlates of protection (CoP) could be an important tool to evaluate novel vaccine candidates, but vaccine-induced CoP have not been clearly defined for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we report on immunogenicity against natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine-induced immune responses and discuss immunological markers that can be linked to protection. By discussing the immunogenicity and efficacy of forerunner vaccines, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of possible efficacy measures and CoP.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Koch, Till UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-2808 UNSPECIFIED Mellinghoff, Sibylle C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Shamsrizi, Parichehr UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Addo, Marylyn M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Dahlke, Christine UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-9195 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-588943
DOI:	10.3390/vaccines9030238
Journal or Publication Title:	Vaccines
Volume:	9
Number:	3
Date:	2021
Publisher:	MDPI
Place of Publication:	BASEL
ISSN:	2076-393X
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language T-CELL RESPONSES; POXVIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS CLEARANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DISEASE; COVID-19; ANTIBODY Multiple languages Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/58894