Schmied, Sabine (2014). Characterization of tumor-antigen-specific T cells - insights into WT1- and HPV16-specific T cell repertoires. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
|
PDF (Dissertation)
150304_PhD_Thesis_Sabine_Schmied.pdf - Published Version Download (7MB) |
Abstract
This thesis provides characterization of rare tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T cells concerning their in vivo prevalence, functionality, and phenotype in healthy and diseased individuals. Such knowledge on the existing in vivo repertoire is crucial for the understanding of T cell immunity towards tumors and furthermore for the utilization of TAA-specific T cells in immunotherapeutic approaches. Thus far, low frequencies of such TAA-specific T cells in blood and tissues hindered an in-depth characterization, even in tumor patients. Here, we establish and implemented highly sensitive methods, based on magnetic enrichment of TAAspecific T cells in combination with a multiparameter flow cytometry analysis to overcome existing sensitivity hurdles and allow ex vivo description of the T cells. Two different activation markers were implemented, CD154 (CD40L) for ex vivo enumeration and characterization of blood CD4+ T cells, and CD137 (4-1BB) for subsequent characterization of rare antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets from blood and tumor tissue after a short-term in vitro expansion. On the one hand, T cells specific for the self-antigen WT1 and, on the other hand, T cells specific for the viral antigens HPV16 E6 and E7 were investigated. The Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) protein is a transcription factor expressed at high levels in several hematological malignancies and some solid tumors and is considered a prime target for cancer immunotherapy. Remarkably, in this study, WT1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were detected in the vast majority of healthy individuals. Memory responses specific for WT1 were commonly present in the CD4+ T cell compartment, whereas WT1specific CD8+ T cells almost universally displayed a naïve phenotype. Moreover, WT1specific memory CD4+ and naïve CD8+ T cells were found to co-exist in healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings suggest a natural discrepancy between the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lineages responsive to self-antigens with respect to memory formation. Nonetheless, WT1specific T cells from both lineages were readily activated ex vivo and expanded in vitro, supporting the general use of strategies to exploit this expansive reservoir of self-reactive T cells for immunotherapeutic purposes. Furthermore, characteristics of HPV16-specific T cells were investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, as HNSCC is frequently induced by HPV16 infection. This study revealed that HPV16-specific T cells in the blood of HPV16pos HNSCC patients exhibit profound differences in prevalence, functionality, and phenotype between individuals. While all patients harbored HPV-specific T cells in peripheral blood, we identified a subgroup of patients with significantly elevated frequencies of functional effector memory HPV16-specific CD4+ T cells compared to other patients. Moreover, these high responder patients had a more active anti-tumor immunity in comparison to low responders. Despite these variations, HPV16-specific T cells with functional capacities could be isolated and propagated both from blood and tumor tissue of all HPV16pos HNSCC patients. Furthermore, this data supports the notion that HPV16-reactive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were suppressed by intratumoral Treg cells, the depletion of which restored T cell effector functions and facilitated expansion of reactive T cells for therapeutic use. In summary, the techniques established in this study permit detection of rare antigen-specific T cells and therefore are superior to common immune monitoring methods in terms of sensitivity and determination of T cell properties. In particular, these techniques were implemented to provide novel insights into the naturally occurring repertoire of WT1- and HPV16-directed T cells. These findings support the use of WT1- and HPV16-specific T cells in immunotherapy and provide knowledge crucial for the optimal design of WT1- and HPV16directed immunotherapeutic interventions.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
Translated abstract: |
|
||||||||
Creators: |
|
||||||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-60723 | ||||||||
Date: | 26 November 2014 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Medical sciences Medicine |
||||||||
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
|
||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 23 February 2015 | ||||||||
Referee: |
|
||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6072 |
Downloads
Downloads per month over past year
Export
Actions (login required)
View Item |