Boor, Susanne de (2015). Mechanistic studies on the regulation of Ran-function by post-translational lysine-acetylation. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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- Mechanistic studies on the regulation of Ran-function by post-translational lysine-acetylation. (deposited 14 Jul 2015 10:24) [Currently Displayed]
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Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Ran regulates fundamental cellular processes such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope formation and mitotic spindle assembly. The two nucleotide states of Ran, GTP- and GDP-bound, are characterized by distinct conformations of two regulatory regions (switch I and switch II) which determine effector binding. The interconversion of these two states is facilitated by regulatory proteins (RanGAP, RCC1). The differential localization of these proteins leads to the formation of a Ran*GDP/GTP gradient. A mass-spectrometrical screen of the acetylome of human cell lines in 2009 identified five acetylation sites in Ran, which were confirmed by subsequent screens in different organisms. The aim of this thesis was to study the impact of Ran-acetylation on Ran-function. Furthermore, the abundance and regulation of this post-translational modification was investigated to judge the physiological relevance of Ran-acetylation. In this study, recombinant Ran was site-specifically acetylated at lysines 37, 60, 71, 99 and 159 using the genetic-code expansion concept in E.coli. The proteins were purified and characterized regarding their intrinsic properties and the interaction with the nucleotide exchange factor RCC1, the major import receptor Importin-ß and the Ran-shuttling protein NTF2 (nuclear transport factor 2). The comprehensive in vitro characterization revealed that acetylation of single lysines impacts on RCC1-interaction and -catalysis, Ran-localization and import-complex formation. Ran acetylated at lysines 37, 99 or 159 exhibits a higher binding affinity for Importin-ß. Acetylation of lysine 71 (in switch II) has a dominant negative effect on RCC1 analogous to the T24N-mutant of Ran. Furthermore, it abolishes NTF2-interaction, which consequently affects Ran-localization and the formation of the Ran-gradient. Moreover, Ran acetylated at lysine 99 resembles a loss-of-function mutant regarding RCC1, lowering affinity and nucleotide exchange rates. Regulatory enzymes for Ran-specific de-/acetylation were identified in vitro and in vivo. Sirt1, -2 and -3 are deacetylating enzymes for lysine 37 of Ran, whereas lysine 71 is specifically deacetylated by Sirt2. The enzymatic acetylation of Ran by the acetyltransferases Tip60, p300 and CBP was shown by immunoblotting and mass-spectrometrical analysis and lysines 37, 134 and 142 were identified as the major acetyl-acceptors of Ran. Taken together, these results suggest a strong regulatory potential of Ran-acetylation depending on the cellular context.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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Corporate Creators: | Universität Köln, Cluster of Excellence - Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln | ||||||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-61929 | ||||||||
Date: | 2015 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 2 June 2015 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6194 |
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