Wysocki, Lena ORCID: 0000-0002-7540-2683 (2022). Tunable magnetic anisotropy and magnetotransport properties of epitaxial oxide ferromagnetic heterostructures. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
This dissertation discusses the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of different perovskite oxide thin films. The focus lies on the ferromagnets strontium ruthenate and ruthenium-substituted lanthanum strontium manganite. Both materials are promising candidates in the view of the creation of topologically non-trivial structures, such as magnetic skyrmions. This originates from the possibility to modify the magnetic properties, such as the magnetic anisotropy, for instance by layer thickness variations and interfacial engineering. After the first observation of hump-like features that resemble a topological Hall effect in SrRuO3-SrIrO3 bilayers, several studies aimed to unravel the origin of these anomalies. If skyrmions indeed form in such SrRuO3-SrIrO3 heterostructures, the magnetic coupling between the magnetic layers will be of particular relevance, since the coupling of the skyrmions across the multilayer stack would be desirable. This question was addressed in the framework of the thesis by the artificial design and investigation of SrRuO3-SrIrO3 heterostructures. For 2 MLs thick insulating spacer, only very weak coupling between the individual magnetic SrRuO3 layers was observed, whereas no coupling was observed for thicker SrIrO3 spacers. Such magnetic decoupling of the SrRuO3 is undesirable in the view of the coupling of skyrmions across the multilayer stack. Thus, alternative perovskite oxides should be considered as spacer materials in order to achieve ferromagnetic coupling of the SrRuO3 layers. Since enhanced ferromagnetic coupling was observed when the SrRuO3 layers were separated by metallic LaNiO3 spacers, a similar heterostructure design with strong spin-orbit coupled, but metallic spacers might be of future research interest. Due to the experimental challenges in the imaging of nanosized skyrmions, Hall effect measurements are frequently used to detect fingerprints of magnetic skyrmions. When conduction electrons get scattered by skyrmions, the topological Hall effect (THE) can be detected with technically simple experimental set-ups. However, it is problematic that also other phenomena, such as multiple, parallel (anomalous) Hall channels, can generate features that resemble a topological Hall effect. This issue was emphasized by different examples within this thesis. The magnetic force microscopy (MFM) study of an ultrathin SrRuO3-SrIrO3 bilayer, capped by SrZrO3, showed that peak-like features can be observed in Hall measurements without the existence of skyrmions. The MFM investigations revealed variations of the local layer thickness and corresponding differences of the switching fields in a bare SrRuO3 thin film. These thickness variations were also seen in the trilayer and expected to lead to band structure variations of the anomalous Hall constant. Within the model of multiple anomalous Hall channels, these local variations of switching field and AHE constant can explain the THE-like features. It was demonstrated in a second study that hump-like anomalies can be generated in the Hall loops in SrRuO3-based heterostructures, when the individual SrRuO3 layers possess distinct switching fields and anomalous Hall constants. For this purpose, heterostructures with two SrRuO3 layers of different thickness and therefore with different anomalous Hall constants and coercive fields were investigated. Here, the total Hall voltage can be written as the sum of the Hall voltages of the individual layers. This emphasizes that the conclusion about the presence of skyrmions based on transport measurements only, can be faulty. This further highlights the importance of techniques that are capable to proof the existence of skyrmions, such as real space imaging. In the second part of this dissertation, ruthenium-substituted lanthanum strontium manganite (La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.95Ru0.05O3) films, grown under moderate compressive strain on LSAT(100) substrates, were investigated. A nonmonotonic dependence of the magnetic anisotropy on the layer thickness was observed and attributed to the distinct temperature dependencies of the individual contributions of the magnetic anisotropy. Finally, strong in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance was seen in a 42.5 nm La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.95Ru0.05O3 thin film deposited on LSAT(100). This anisotropic magnetoresistance, with mirrorlike features for the two orthogonal current directions, could be related with the magnetic anisotropy. The macroscopic magnetic behavior is in good agreement with the formation of parallel magnetic stripe domains, which were observed in a magnetic force microscopy study. The preferential alignment of the magnetic stripe domains furthermore explained the current-direction dependent contribution of magnetic domain wall resistance to the overall magnetoresistance. However, the understanding of the connection between the size and orientation of the magnetic stripe domains and the structural domains still needs to be improved. In contrast to the investigated SrRuO3 films which typically show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, when it is interfaced with SrIrO3 or SrZrO3, the La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.95Ru0.05O3 films under study possessed a weak magnetic anisotropy with preferential magnetization alignment perpendicular to the thin film surface in a thickness-dependent temperature range. This is promising in the view of the tailoring of the magnetic state by small distortions of the (magnetic) energetic balance by modifications of the heterostructure design. The interfacing of Ru-substituted LSMO layers with a strong spin-orbit coupling material, such as SrIrO3, is therefore a possibility that might stabilize magnetically non-trivial structures and is considered as promising research topic in the future.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-644986 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics II | ||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Physics | ||||||||||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 21 June 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/64498 |
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