Universität zu Köln

Miklin, Nikolai, Gachechiladze, Mariami, Moreno, George and Chaves, Rafael ORCID: 0000-0001-8493-4019 (2022). Causal inference with imperfect instrumental variables. J. Causal Inference, 10 (1). S. 45 - 64. BERLIN: WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH. ISSN 2193-3685

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Abstract

Instrumental variables allow for quantification of cause and effect relationships even in the absence of interventions. To achieve this, a number of causal assumptions must be met, the most important of which is the independence assumption, which states that the instrument and any confounding factor must be independent. However, if this independence condition is not met, can we still work with imperfect instrumental variables? Imperfect instruments can manifest themselves by violations of the instrumental inequalities that constrain the set of correlations in the scenario. In this article, we establish a quantitative relationship between such violations of instrumental inequalities and the minimal amount of measurement dependence required to explain them for the case of discrete observed variables. As a result, we provide adapted inequalities that are valid in the presence of a relaxed measurement dependence assumption in the instrumental scenario. This allows for the adaptation of existing and new lower bounds on the average causal effect for instrumental scenarios with binary outcomes. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of quantum mechanics.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Miklin, Nikolai UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gachechiladze, Mariami UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Moreno, George UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Chaves, Rafael UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-4019 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-683473
DOI:	10.1515/jci-2021-0065
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Causal Inference
Volume:	10
Number:	1
Page Range:	S. 45 - 64
Date:	2022
Publisher:	WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
Place of Publication:	BERLIN
ISSN:	2193-3685
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; VIOLATIONS; THEOREM Multiple languages Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/68347