Rosas, Violeta Gamez, Isbell, Jacob W., Jaffe, Walter, Petrov, Romain G., Leftley, James H., Hofmann, Karl-Heinz, Millour, Florentin, Burtscher, Leonard ORCID: 0000-0003-1014-043X, Meisenheimer, Klaus, Meilland, Anthony, Waters, Laurens B. F. M., Lopez, Bruno, Lagarde, Stephane, Weigelt, Gerd, Berio, Philippe, Allouche, Fatme, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Cruzalebes, Pierre, Bettonvil, Felix, Henning, Thomas, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Antonelli, Pierre, Beckmann, Udo, van Boekel, Roy, Bendjoya, Philippe ORCID: 0000-0002-4278-1437, Danchi, William C., Dominik, Carsten ORCID: 0000-0002-3393-2459, Drevon, Julien ORCID: 0000-0002-6806-3089, Gallimore, Jack F., Graser, Uwe, Heininger, Matthias, Hocde, Vincent ORCID: 0000-0002-3643-0366, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hron, Josef, Impellizzeri, Caterina M., V, Klarmann, Lucia, Kokoulina, Elena, Labadie, Lucas, Lehmitz, Michael, Matter, Alexis, Paladini, Claudia, Pantin, Eric, Pott, Joerg-Uwe, Schertl, Dieter, Soulain, Anthony ORCID: 0000-0001-7661-5130, Stee, Philippe, Tristram, Konrad, Varga, Jozsef ORCID: 0000-0003-4989-575X, Woillez, Julien, Wolf, Sebastian ORCID: 0000-0001-7841-3452, Yoffe, Gideon and Zins, Gerard (2022). Thermal imaging of dust hiding the black hole in NGC1068. Nature, 602 (7897). S. 403 - 426. BERLIN: NATURE PORTFOLIO. ISSN 1476-4687

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Abstract

In the widely accepted 'unified model'(1) solution of the classification puzzle of active galactic nuclei, the orientation of a dusty accretion torus around the central black hole dominates their appearance. In 'type-1' systems, the bright nucleus is visible at the centre of a face-on torus. In 'type-2' systems the thick, nearly edge-on torus hides the central engine. Later studies suggested evolutionary effects(2) and added dusty clumps and polar winds(3) but left the basic picture intact. However, recent high-resolution images(4) of the archetypal type-2 galaxy NGC 1068(5,6), suggested a more radical revision. The images displayed a ring-like emission feature that was proposed to be hot dust surrounding the black hole at the radius where the radiation from the central engine evaporates the dust. That ring is too thin and too far tilted from edge-on to hide the central engine, and ad hoc foreground extinction is needed to explain thetype-2 classification. These images quickly generated reinterpretations of the dichotomy between types 1 and 2(7,8). Here we present new multi-band mid-infrared images of NGC 1068 that detail the dust temperature distribution and reaffirm the original model. Combined with radio data (J.F.G. and C.M.V.I., manuscript in preparation), our maps locate the central engine that is below the previously reported ring and obscured by a thick, nearly edge-on disk, as predicted by the unified model. We also identify emission from polar flows and absorbing dust that is mineralogically distinct from that towards the Milky Way centre.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Rosas, Violeta GamezUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Isbell, Jacob W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jaffe, WalterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Petrov, Romain G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Leftley, James H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hofmann, Karl-HeinzUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Millour, FlorentinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Burtscher, LeonardUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-1014-043XUNSPECIFIED
Meisenheimer, KlausUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Meilland, AnthonyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Waters, Laurens B. F. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lopez, BrunoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lagarde, StephaneUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Weigelt, GerdUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berio, PhilippeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Allouche, FatmeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Robbe-Dubois, SylvieUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cruzalebes, PierreUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bettonvil, FelixUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, ThomasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Augereau, Jean-CharlesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Antonelli, PierreUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Beckmann, UdoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Boekel, RoyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bendjoya, PhilippeUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-4278-1437UNSPECIFIED
Danchi, William C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dominik, CarstenUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-3393-2459UNSPECIFIED
Drevon, JulienUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-6806-3089UNSPECIFIED
Gallimore, Jack F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Graser, UweUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Heininger, MatthiasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hocde, VincentUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-3643-0366UNSPECIFIED
Hogerheijde, MichielUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hron, JosefUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Impellizzeri, Caterina M., VUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Klarmann, LuciaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kokoulina, ElenaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Labadie, LucasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lehmitz, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Matter, AlexisUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paladini, ClaudiaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pantin, EricUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pott, Joerg-UweUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schertl, DieterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Soulain, AnthonyUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-7661-5130UNSPECIFIED
Stee, PhilippeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tristram, KonradUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Varga, JozsefUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-4989-575XUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, JulienUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wolf, SebastianUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-7841-3452UNSPECIFIED
Yoffe, GideonUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zins, GerardUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-695927
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04311-7
Journal or Publication Title: Nature
Volume: 602
Number: 7897
Page Range: S. 403 - 426
Date: 2022
Publisher: NATURE PORTFOLIO
Place of Publication: BERLIN
ISSN: 1476-4687
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
NGC 1068; RADIO STRUCTURE; LINE REGION; LARGE-SCALE; HOT DUST; NGC-1068; TORUS; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; ALGORITHM; EMISSIONMultiple languages
Multidisciplinary SciencesMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/69592

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