Abuter, R., Allouche, F., Amorim, A., Bailet, C., Bauboeck, M., Berger, J-P, Berio, P., Bigioli, A., Boebion, O., Bolzer, M. L., Bonnet, H., Bourdarot, G., Bourget, P., Brandner, W., Clenet, Y., Courtney-Barrer, B., Dallilar, Y., Davies, R., Defrere, D., Delboulbe, A., Delplancke, F., Dembet, R., de Zeeuw, P. T., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Edouard, C., Eisenhauer, F., Fabricius, M., Feuchtgruber, H., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Foerster, Garcia, E., Garcia, P., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gomes, T., Gonte, F., Gouvret, C., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Hartl, M., Haubois, X., Haussmann, F., Heissel, G., Henning, Th, Hippler, S., Honig, S., Horrobin, M., Hubin, N., Jacqmart, E., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Korhonen, H., Kreidberg, L., Lacour, S., Lagarde, S., Lai, O., Lapeyrere, V, Laugier, R., Le Bouquin, J-B, Leftley, J., Lena, P., Lutz, D., Mang, F., Marcotto, A., Maurel, D., Merand, A., Millour, F., More, N., Nowacki, H., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Petrov, R., Pfuhl, O., Pourre, N., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Robbe-Dubois, S., Rochat, S., Salman, M., Scholler, M., Schubert, J., Schuhler, N., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Scheithauer, S., Sevin, A., Soulez, F., Spang, A., Stadler, E., Stadler, J., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Tristram, K. R. W., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Uysal, S., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., Young, A. and Zins, G. (2022). First light for GRAVITY Wide Large separation fringe tracking for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. Astron. Astrophys., 665. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

GRAVITY+ is the upgrade for GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) with wide-separation fringe tracking, new adaptive optics, and laser guide stars on all four 8 m Unit Telescopes (UTs) to enable ever-fainter, all-sky, high-contrast, milliarcsecond interferometry. Here we present the design and first results of the first phase of GRAVITY+, known as GRAVITY Wide. GRAVITY Wide combines the dual-beam capabilities of the VLTI and the GRAVITY instrument to increase the maximum separation between the science target and the reference star from 2 arcseconds with the 8 m UTs up to several 10 arcseconds, limited only by the Earth's turbulent atmosphere. This increases the sky-coverage of GRAVITY by two orders of magnitude, opening up milliarcsecond resolution observations of faint objects and, in particular, the extragalactic sky. The first observations in 2019-2022 include the first infrared interferometry of two redshift z similar to 2 quasars, interferometric imaging of the binary system HD 105913A, and repeat observations of multiple star systems in the Orion Trapezium Cluster. We find the coherence loss between the science object and fringe-tracking reference star well described by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere. We confirm that the larger apertures of the UTs result in higher visibilities for a given separation due to the broader overlap of the projected pupils on the sky and provide predictions for visibility loss as a function of separation to be used for future planning.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Abuter, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Allouche, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amorim, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bailet, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bauboeck, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berger, J-PUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berio, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bigioli, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boebion, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bolzer, M. L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bonnet, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bourdarot, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bourget, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brandner, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clenet, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Courtney-Barrer, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dallilar, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Davies, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Defrere, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Delboulbe, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Delplancke, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dembet, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Zeeuw, P. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Drescher, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Edouard, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eisenhauer, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fabricius, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Feuchtgruber, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Finger, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schreiber, N. M. FoersterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gao, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gendron, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genzel, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gil, J. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gillessen, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gomes, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gonte, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gouvret, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guajardo, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guieu, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hartl, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haubois, X.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haussmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Heissel, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, ThUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hippler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Honig, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Horrobin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hubin, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jacqmart, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jochum, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jocou, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kaufer, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kervella, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korhonen, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kreidberg, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lacour, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lagarde, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lai, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lapeyrere, VUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Laugier, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Bouquin, J-BUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Leftley, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lena, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lutz, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mang, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Marcotto, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Maurel, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Merand, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Millour, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
More, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowacki, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Oberti, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ott, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pallanca, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paumard, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perraut, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perrin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Petrov, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pfuhl, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pourre, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rabien, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rau, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Robbe-Dubois, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rochat, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Salman, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scholler, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schubert, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schuhler, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shangguan, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shimizu, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scheithauer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sevin, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Soulez, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Spang, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stadler, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stadler, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straubmeier, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sturm, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tacconi, L. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tristram, K. R. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vincent, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
von Fellenberg, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Uysal, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Widmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wieprecht, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiezorrek, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yazici, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Young, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zins, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-697891
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243941
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 665
Date: 2022
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
ORION TRAPEZIUM STARS; LONG; ORBIT; ANISOPLANATISM; INSTRUMENTS; FACILITY; HISTORY; ANGLE; GAIAMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/69789

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