Schlegel, Stephan ORCID: 0000-0002-4779-2813 (2023). Magnetohydrodynamical Modelling of the Io Footprint and Tail Morphology. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Jupiter's aurora contains emission features that are associated with the Galilean moons, Io, Europa, and Ganymede. These footprints and their associated tail are generated by Alfvén waves that are produced by the relative movement of the moons and Jupiter's corotating plasma. The waves propagate along the magnetic field lines towards both hemispheres of Jupiter and trigger wave-particle interactions. The accelerated particles precipitate down towards Jupiter, generating auroral emissions in the process. The shape and location of these footprints give insight about the interaction and we can draw conclusions about the Jovian magnetic field, density in the magnetosphere, and even the moons atmosphere. Therefore, studying the interaction and observations of the footprints can help to deepen our understanding of the Jovian system. New observations with the Juno spacecraft have provided high resolution images of the footprints. These images revealed structures in the Io footprint tail that were not detectable by previous measurements. In these structures, the symmetry between the poleward and equatorward part of the footprint tail is broken and the tail spots are alternatingly displaced. This "Alternating Alfvén Spot Street" (AASS) is can not be explained by the current models. In this work we use the Alfvén wing model to compare the observed positions of the Io footprint and tail spots with expectations. We show that the locations of the main emissions of the footprint can be used to constrain the density model along the magnetic field lines connected Io's orbit and the Jovian magnetosphere. The inversion provides results comparable to values in the general literature. We further show that the location of the footprint and tail spots are consistent with Alfvén wave that get reflected as they propagate through the inner Jovian magnetosphere. In the second part of this work, we use magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate mechanisms that can break the symmetry and produce structures similar to the observed AASS. To investigate, how the emission pattern in Jupiter's ionosphere would look like, we used the Poynting flux of the Alfvén waves near Jupiter's surface as a proxy. We studied three different mechanisms in our simulation that could break the symmetry. First, we conducted a study where we activated the Hall conductance in Io's atmosphere. We show that the Hall effect can significantly alter the morphology of the Poynting flux. Additionally, combined with non-linear reflections that occur at the Jovian ionosphere, the Hall effect can produce alternating patterns in the footprint tail. We conclude that the Hall effect is a promising candidate for the reason behind the AASS. As a second mechanism, we investigated the influence of the different travel times of Alfvén waves originating from the Jupiter facing and opposite side of Io. The Poynting flux corresponding to the immediate vicinity of the main footprint emissions is only marginally altered. However, the symmetry breaking effect of the travel time difference accumulates down the tail and can therefore be a contributing factor towards generating the AASS. The third mechanism includes the asymmetry of Io's atmosphere. The inhomogenieties in the atmosphere are mapped along the magnetic field line and break the symmetry in the Poynting flux. However, the effects are minor for this mechanism and we rule out the asymmetries as the reason for the AASS. This work shows that the locations of the Io footprint and associated tail spots are consistent with reflected Alfvén waves in the magnetosphere and can be used to constrain a density model. Our study additionally provides an explanatory model for the generation of the observed AASS. In this model the Hall effect combined with non-linear reflection can explain the observed pattern, while travel time differences of Alfvén waves can play a contributing role. Further observation of the Galilean footprints could confirm this hypothesis.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-700811 | ||||||||
Date: | 1 June 2023 | ||||||||
Language: | German | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology | ||||||||
Subjects: | Physics Earth sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 3 June 2022 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/70081 |
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