Savcigil, Deniz Pinar ORCID: 0000-0002-9217-5582 (2024). Identification and Characterisation of Novel Mechanisms Regulating TNF-Induced Cell Death. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental biological process for tissue homeostasis and tissue remodelling during development and for the defence against a vast range of stressors. However, uncontrolled cell death can impair these programs causing severe pathological consequences. Thus, the regulation of cell death is a critical step to trigger proper immune responses and healing processes following stress conditions. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine secreted during different stress conditions, can determine cell fate, either cell survival and proliferation or cell death, the latter via the formation of a cytosolic, cell death-inducing complex, called complex II. Checkpoints are specific mechanisms in TNF signalling that control the decisison between cell survival and death and, within the latter, control the amplitude of cell death. Therefore, these checkpoints have a high pathophysiological relevance. Hence, our goal is to gain a deeper molecular understanding of how these mechanisms regulate the cytotoxic potential of TNF. Cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is a crucial regulator of TNF-induced cell death. cFLIP is cleaved at D377 by Caspase-8. Yet, the physiological role of cFLIP cleavage in the regulation of TNF-mediated cell death outcomes remains elusive. Here, we discovered that cFLIP cleavage counterbalances complex II assembly and cytotoxicity. Consequently, abrogation of cFLIP cleavage by the D377A mutation sensitizes cells to TNF-induced cell death by favouring complex II formation. The cell death sensitizing effect of D377A mutation depends on the C-terminal residues of the caspase-like domain on cFLIP, in particular the Q469 resiude. To address the physiological funtions of cFLIP cleavage, we generated a novel mouse line bearing a non-cleavable version of cFLIP (CflipD377A/D377A). These mice exhibited increased tissue damage caused by Sharpin deficiency, impaired skin wound healing and increased lethality upon SARS CoV-1 infection. These results reveal a previously unknown and unexpected role for cFLIP cleavage in the modulation of cell death amplitude during tissue stress, to ensure the execution of repair programs. Furthermore, we successfully generated and validated a novel genetic tool to study the composition of complex II using an immunoprecipitation-based mass spectrometry-coupled, unbiased approach. As an interesting candidate, we identified protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit A alpha (PPP2R1A), a constant regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). The first biochemical and functional investigations indicated the involvement of PPP2R1A in the regulation of TNF-induced cell death. To conclude, we unravelled new layers of regulatior machinery that safeguards TNF-induced complex II-mediated cell death. Our findings therefore provide a better understanding of the role of cell death in health and disease.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-731848 | ||||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 30 April 2024 | ||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/73184 |
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