Valdez Capuccino, Lucas (2024). Harnessing cell death vulnerabilities for the treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
PDF (PhD dissertation)
Harnessing cell death vulnerabilities for the treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer.pdf - Accepted Version Download (5MB) |
Abstract
Regulated cell death is an essential process in multicellular organisms, necessary for development and critical for pathogen responses. Apoptosis, justifiably the most studied regulated cell death process, rids the body of old and damaged cells via the ordered activity of caspases. These proteases can activate the pore-forming protein Gasdermin E, which switches the normally immunologically silent apoptosis to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a Gasdermin-mediated type of regulated cell death characterised by lytic death of the cell, the release of pro-inflammatory factors and subsequent recruitment of immune cells. Defects in cell death signalling are a common cause of several diseases, leading to exacerbated cell death or nullifying its activation. Resisting cell death is an essential hallmark of Cancer, as regulated cell death prevents tumour formation. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide per year with over 1.8 million deaths annually. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant subtype of lung cancer with dismal survival rates of only 7% after 5 years. In this study, we manipulated the apoptotic circuitry by using small molecules to block the Cyclin-dependent Kinase 9 (CDK9) activity, which is necessary for RNA transcription. We showed that the inhibition of CDK9 leads to the decrease of short-lived proteins, particularly of anti-apoptotic proteins, thus triggering apoptosis in SCLC cells. We found that, unlike non-SCLC cells, SCLC cells are unable to adapt their apoptotic signalling upon CDK9 inhibition and are therefore primed to undergo apoptosis. SCLC cells that are resistant to chemotherapy were found to be sensitive to CDK9 inhibition, bypassing their acquired insensitivity. We also found that CDK9 inhibition exerts anti-tumoral effects in autochthonous and syngeneic SCLC mouse models and that the tumour inhibitory effect is dependent on immune cells. We next studied the role of Gasdermin E in the tumour biology of SCLC and found that, although it does not influence tumour initiation and progression, it clearly modulates the sensitivity of SCLC cells to the induction of apoptosis. SCLC cells lacking Gasdermin E were less sensitive to chemotherapy and CDK9 inhibition treatments. Taken together, our study demonstrates that inhibiting CDK9 is a viable treatment option for SCLC. Additionally, we show that the expression of Gasdermin E reduces the threshold necessary for the induction of cell death. In this thesis, we harnessed the vulnerabilities in the apoptotic pathway of cancer cells to treat SCLC.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-744556 | ||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Medicine |
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Divisions: | CECAD - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases Cologne Center for Genomics |
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Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 22 October 2024 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/74455 |
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