Walbröl, Andreas ORCID: 0000-0003-2603-2724
(2025).
Assessing water vapour from state-of-the-art observations and models in the central Arctic and the impact of inversions on downwelling longwave radiation.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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- Assessing water vapour from state-of-the-art observations and models in the central Arctic and the impact of inversions on downwelling longwave radiation. (deposited 13 Mar 2025 10:25) [Currently Displayed]
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Abstract
Observations have revealed that the rapidly warming Arctic is also moistening in certain regions and seasons. As water vapour is the strongest greenhouse gas, it contributes to the enhanced warming of the Arctic via the water vapour feedback. Water vapour estimates are uncertain in the Arctic due to the low amount of ground stations and challenges in satellite remote sensing. Thus, it is not surprising to see uncertainties in water vapour trends across reanalyses, which use these observations. In contrast to lower latitudes, Arctic humidity profiles feature inversions where the specific humidity increases with height. The representation of humidity inversions in current models and satellite products and the radiative effect of humidity inversions is poorly studied. Furthermore, the ability of ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) to capture humidity inversions has yet to be analyzed. The year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Arctic Ocean provides excellent reference water vapour observations to evaluate the water vapour products of models and satellites. Radiosonde observations are complemented by two MWRs with complementary water vapour sensitivity. The first part of this thesis includes two studies to quantify the benefit of the synergy of the two MWRs for water vapour products compared to the use of single MWRs. In the first study, the measurements of each MWR were quality controlled and atmospheric parameters, including coarse humidity profiles and integrated water vapour (IWV), were retrieved using regression and Neural Networks. The single MWR retrievals were evaluated with the MOSAiC radiosondes. In the second study, measurements from both MWRs were combined in a Neural Network approach to exploit their complementary moisture sensitivity. The synergy benefit was determined by comparing the errors computed in the synergy evaluation to those of the single MWR retrievals. The synergy reduces lower tropospheric specific humidity errors by 50 % and the root mean squared error of IWV by 15 % over a wide atmospheric moisture range. Additionally, the vertical resolution of the specific humidity profile is improved by a factor of two in the lower troposphere. In the second part of the thesis, the water vapour products from the MWR synergy and the radiosondes were used as reference to evaluate the water vapour from four state-of-the-art models (two global reanalyses, a regional and a global weather forecast model) and two satellite products. A particular focus was on analyzing the representation of humidity inversions with respect to radiosondes. Strong negative IWV and specific humidity biases in moist conditions were found for the satellite data. The models underestimate the lower tropospheric specific humidity in the cold seasons, except for the lowest 100 m. The presence of surface-based inversions is well captured by the models and the MWR synergy but not by the satellite observations. Elevated inversions are missed by both the MWR synergy and satellite observations. Additionally, all tested data sets tend to underestimate the number of inversions per profile and the inversion strength but overestimate the vertical extent (depth) of inversions. Then, radiative transfer simulations for clear sky cases were used to analyze the sensitivity of downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) to water vapour within humidity inversions. Therefore, the radiative effect of humidity inversions was also quantified. The sensitivity tests with artificial humidity inversion strength modifications revealed that in most cases the radiation emitted from water vapour within an inversion only has a notable impact on DLR when the inversion is located in the lower troposphere. In most of the clear sky cases, the surface-based inversion contributed 60-100 % to the total radiative effect of humidity inversions, which can reach up to 16 W m-2. Additionally, we quantified DLR deviations resulting from using specific humidity profiles of the different models and observations (ground- and space-based) as input to the radiative transfer simulations. With the DLR based on the radiosonde profiles as reference, DLR deviations exceed 5 W m-2 in some cases but are mostly lower. The humidity profiles of the MWR synergy resulted in one of the smallest DLR deviations, demonstrating the high quality of the MWR humidity profiles. The deviations could be equally attributed to differences in lower tropospheric specific humidity and IWV. The results suggest that the IWV and the lower tropospheric specific humidity, and therefore the near-surface humidity inversions, are equally important for accurate DLR calculations.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Corporate Creators: | Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-752375 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Earth sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 11 December 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Open access funding: | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Projects: | Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR 172 on Arctic amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/75237 |
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