Günzl, Jonas Aaron
(2025).
Quantifying the Impact of Tolerance Evolution
on Bacterial Populations under Time
Inhomogeneous Antibiotic Stress.
Masters thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In the vast field of microbiology and antimicrobial research the rather general term fitness is often condensed into growth rate at some specific antibiotic concentration. In a constant environment, this measure allows to construct meaningful fitness landscapes for distinguishable genotypes and predicts the evolution of resistance. Such studies usually disregard the clinically relevant regime of microbial death and the typically time dependent antibiotic concentration. In this work, we present a model for the evolution of antibiotic tolerance, de- fined as the ability of bacteria to reduce their death rate under high antibiotic concentrations without developing resistance. Under the assumption of periodic antibiotic treatment, we introduce two novel performance measures for tolerant mutants and demonstrate how tolerance can become established within a wild type bacterial population. We introduce the concept of e!ective fitness, quantifying bacterial net growth over a full cycle of periodic antibiotic exposure. This metric reveals that tolerant mutants can establish in the population despite lacking a direct growth advantage. By deriving a closed-form expression for effective fitness, we identify key parameters of antibiotic tolerance and apply trade-off based fitness landscape theory to predict tolerance evolution. Furthermore, we propose survival probability as an alternative metric of repro- ductive success. Using analytical and numerical analyses based on a simple homogeneous birth-death model, we show that tolerant mutants have an increased chance of surviving antibiotic treatment. Ultimately, these results imply that tolerant mutants can rescue populations from extinction.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-790049 | ||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institut für Biologische Physik | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Physics Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 25 September 2025 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/79004 |
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