Engelmayer, Johannes ORCID: 0000-0002-3454-1601 (2020). Crystal growth and characterization of doped perovskite titanates ATiO3 and single-layered manganites R1-xA1+xMnO4. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In this thesis, different single-crystalline perovskite-type transition metal oxides are studied. Two of these materials are doped perovskite titanates with an insulating parent compound. Commercial Sr1-xCaxTiO3 single crystals with a calcium content of x = 0.009 and charge-carrier densities tuned from the insulating, ferroelectric parent material to n ≃ 60⋅10¹⁹ 1/cm³ are investigated by thermal-expansion measurements. Pronounced α/T anomalies, signaling the ferroelectric transition of pristine Sr1-xCaxTiO3, persist upon increasing charge-carrier density n in reduced Sr1-xCaxTiO3-δ, confirming earlier findings from resistivity measurements. Though, in contrast to the latter, the anomalies in α/T do not completely vanish as a function of n but change in character at a certain threshold carrier density n* ≈ 1.3⋅10¹⁹ 1/cm³. This might indicate a structural phase transition when crossing n*, analogously to the parent compound Sr1-xCaxTiO3 that changes from non-centrosymmetric ferroelectric to antiferroelectric as a function of x involving the recovery of an inversion center. However, an almost vertical phase boundary in a TC(n) diagram is not easily detectable by temperature-dependent measurements like thermal expansion. This puzzle can only be resolved by structural analyses of Sr1-xCaxTiO3-δ crystals with carrier concentrations on both sides of n*. A sign change of α as a function of n, as is expected for a quantum phase transition where n is the control parameter, could not be observed. Single crystals of EuTiO3 are grown by the floating-zone method and characterized. Similar to Sr1-xCaxTiO3, the material's properties strongly depend on the actual oxygen content. The as-grown crystal is found to be oxygen-excessive by comparing its saturation magnetization to that of a pure Eu2+ system. Other key parameters as Néel temperature, Weiss temperature, and the Barrett behavior of the permittivity agree with literature values. To induce metallic conductivity, pieces of the as-grown EuTiO3 crystal were reduced by annealing. The metallic EuTiO3-δ samples show the full saturation magnetization of 7 µB. A metal-insulator transition is induced being similar to that in SrTiO3-δ but appearing at a charge-carrier concentration nc larger by a factor of 10⁴ due to the smaller permittivity of EuTiO3 implying a smaller effective Bohr radius aB*. Doped crystals of EuTiO3, SrTiO3, and KTaO3 obey a scaling behavior ∛(nc)⋅aB* = K resembling the original Mott criterion for a metal-insulator transition but at a much larger K ≈ 10. At low temperature, the electronic mobility of metallic EuTiO3-δ and SrTiO3-δ systematically increases upon decreasing n across both materials. For the first time, an AT² resistivity is observed in metallic EuTiO3-δ, which is similar to that reported for doped SrTiO3. The T² prefactor A scales with the charge-carrier density n and its absolute values match that of doped SrTiO3 with the same n. A simple three-band model is used to describe the A(n) scaling of both materials over a large range of n. Several single-layered manganites R1-xA1+xMnO4 with various element combinations R/A and doping levels x were grown in single-crystalline form to outperform the doping range of the parent compound La1-xSr1+xMnO4 and shift the limit for x to new heights, where a maximum of x = 0.73 is achieved in Pr1-xSr1+xMnO4. The transition to the charge and orbital order at TCOO signals itself by characteristic features in resistivity, magnetization, and heat capacity. The tetragonal R1-xSr1+xMnO4 systems with a large ion-size mismatch exhibit comparably low transition temperatures, but their respective TCOO systematically increases as a function of x. In contrast, systems with small ion-size disorder like Pr1-xCa1+xMnO4 and Nd1-xCa1+xMnO4 show the highest transition temperatures TCOO of all investigated manganites. In these two compounds, the evolution of TCOO with x is not monotonic as it is observed for Sr manganites. Instead, the highest transition temperatures are reached at commensurate doping levels x = 1/2, 2/3.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-296695 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Physics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 3 February 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/29669 |
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