Martin-Gomez, Aitor ORCID: 0000-0001-7874-944X (2020). Emergent conformational and dynamical properties in active filamentous systems. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Active matter provides a wide spectrum of non-equilibrium emerging phenomena. In nature, active agents endure a vast number of propulsion mechanisms to generate directed motion. Examples range from the cytoskeleton, where actin filaments and microtubules are driven by molecular motors, or ATP-dependent enzymatic processes altering the dynamics of the cytoplasm, to kinesin motors going through microtubules, which generate nonequilibrium forces that affect the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, the transport, and the organization in the cell interior. Following the physical nature of active elongated systems, we drive our investigations into the properties of active filamentous, polymer-like system in which activity is taken into account by independent site velocities, with orientations changing in a diffusive manner, and not tangential to the polymer contour. The intimate coupling of thermal and active noise, shear stress, hydrodynamic interactions, and polymer conformations implies the emergence of novel structural and dynamical features. First, we study analytically the conformational and rheological properties of active filaments/polymers exposed to shear flow. Using the continuous Gaussian semiflexible polymer model extended by the activity, yields a shear-induced deformation, alignment, and shear thinning behavior, similarly to the passive counterpart. Independent of stiffness, activity facilitates the swelling of polymers, and enhances alignment and shear thinning. Next, we analyze the influence of hydrodynamic interactions (HI) on the properties of polymers and filaments exposed to activity. Activity is taken into account by independent site velocities, with orientations changing in a diffusive manner. We investigate the conformational and dynamical properties of active self-propelled filaments/ polymers in solution by using Brownian dynamics simulations and analytical theory. At moderate activities, HI lead to a substantial shrinkage of semiflexible polymers; even flexible HI-polymers shrink, while active free-draining polymers swell monotonically. For large activities, flexible and semiflexible polymers undergo a reswelling. The polymer mean square displacement is enhanced, and an activity-determined ballistic regime appears. Similarly, we explore polymers in solution in the presence of external active noise. Now, the same description of the system is used, however, a coupling between the activity and hydrodynamics in the equations of motion has been taken into account. That way, we can depict the activity as a correlated noise from the environment, which we describe by the colored noise, instead of being an intrinsic property of the polymers. In this case, HI lead to an enhanced swelling of flexible polymers with increasing activity, even for moderate values, differing substantially from the conformational properties of self-propelled polymers in presence (and absence) of HI. To conclude, we introduce a particle-based mesoscale hydrodynamics simulation technique for both cases; polymers in presence of external active noise and self-propelled polymer. After comparing the new conformational properties with the Brownian dynamics simulations, we find quantitative and qualitative agreement. Attractively,the MPC method can allow the application of more complex geometries for active objects in confinement, in contrast to the hydrodynamic tensor approach simulations .
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-304148 | ||||||||||||||
Date: | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institut für Biologische Physik | ||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Physics Chemistry and allied sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 30 June 2020 | ||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/30414 |
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