Uhrig, Silke (2010). The Impact of Peptide Insertions on Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Fate. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors possess a number of attractive properties including low immunogenicity, high stability, longevity of transgene expression and the potential to integrate site-specifically without known side-effects. The major limitation regarding the use of AAV vectors for gene therapy is the broad tissue tropism of AAV following in vivo gene tranfer application. Recently, genetic modification of the AAV capsid by insertion of receptor-specific ligands (AAV targeting) was demonstrated to enable the transduction of cells in the absence of AAV�s natural receptors, to improve transduction efficiency in wild-type-AAV-permissive cells and to provide the opportunity of rAAV-mediated, cell-type-specific gene transfer. This study shows for the first time, that the inserted ligand both alters the mechanism of AAV vector internalization and determines the efficiency of cell entry and nuclear delivery of vector genomes. Using AAV peptide display, four rAAV peptide insertion mutants differing in sequence and net charge of the inserted ligand were selected and analyzed regarding their vector-cell interplay in comparison to rAAV2. Mutants (A2 and C2) displaying neutral peptide ligands transduced cells independent of AAV2�s primary receptor heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG), whereas the affinity of the mutants B1 and D5 to HSPG correlated with the net positive charge of their ligands. Compared to rAAV2, the affinity to HSPG was lower for B1, but notably higher for D5. Ligand-receptor interaction led to clathrin-dependent uptake of A2 and C2, while D5 entered cells clathrin-independently, presumably via HSPG. Interestingly, B1, differing in a single amino acid from C2, was able to use both entry routes. Mediated by their ability to bind to HSPG, B1 and D5 � in contrast to A2 and C2 � entered efficiently into different cell lines. However, efficient transgene expression was dependent on vector entry by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. While the onset of gene expression happened in a similar time frame for all AAV vectors, those vectors internalized in a clathrin-mediated fashion (rAAV2, A2 and C2) reached significantly higher gene expression levels, demonstrating that this entry route is pivotal for efficient intracellular processing. In line with this observation, B1 and D5 � which entered the cell clathrin-independently � delivered significantly less vector genomes to the nucleus than rAAV2, but were mostly present inside membrane-coated cellular compartments � most likely inside endosomes � revealing that vector trafficking following proteoglycan-dependent endocytosis is impaired compared to the efficient intracellular processing of rAAV2.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-31886 | ||||||||
Date: | 2010 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Ehemalige Fakultäten, Institute, Seminare > Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > no entry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 31 May 2010 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/3188 |
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