Hartwig, Benjamin (2012). ALP1 and ELP1 – novel genetic modifiers of LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 participate in Polycomb mediated gene repression in Arabidopsis. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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- ALP1 and ELP1 – novel genetic modifiers of LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 participate in Polycomb mediated gene repression in Arabidopsis. (deposited 23 Jan 2013 14:08) [Currently Displayed]
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Abstract
Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are involved in the inheritance of phenotypic traits by repressing the expression of target genes through binding of chromatin. In Arabidopsis thaliana several Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) are active during different stages of development. Distinct components of PRCs2, such as CURLY LEAF, SWINGER and MEDEA, contain a SET-domain for the trimethylation of lysine 27 at histone 3. This trimethylationmark is bound by PRC1 which leads to stable repression of the corresponding euchromatic locus. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) is a plant PRC1 component and an orthologue of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (HP1) of humans, flies and yeast. Two of the PcG proteins that bind LHP1 catalyze mono-ubiquitylation of histone 2A but do not display homology to PRC1 PcG proteins in other organisms. The aim of this study is the identification of enhancers and suppressors of the lhp1 mutant phenotype to unravel PRC1 characteristics and functions in plants. Double mutants were generated with lhp1 seeds in the Col-0 background through application of EMS and selected by phenotype and quantitative real-time PCR of known PRC1 target genes. Next-generation-sequencing of backcrossed, isogenic, bulked DNA samples of candidates was conducted. This isogenic mapping-by-sequencing approach revealed causal amino acid changes for two suppressors and three enhancers of LHP1. One enhancer candidate encodes a WD 40 domain protein predicted to function as an interaction hub preferentially for nuclear proteins. A suppressor gene product has similarities to Harbinger transposases and likely contains a functional DNA-binding domain. De-regulated genes in those double mutants were analyzed via mRNA-seq, to link candidate genes to a possible function in chromatin regulation. In the suppressor the majority of de-regulated genes in lhp1 were again expressed at wild-type (WT) levels. Some genes in the enhancer were de-regulated to a greater extend, than in lhp1. MADS box transcription factors were up-regulated in lhp1 compared to WT. The up-regulation of those genes was moderated in the suppressor and higher in the enhancer. Consequently the suppressor and the enhancer were named ANTAGONIST OF LHP1 1 (ALP1) and ENHANCER OF LHP1 1 (ELP1) respectively. ALP1 and ELP1 are nuclear proteins that both interacted with LHP1 in split-YFP assays. Further, ELP1 interacted with INCURVATA 2 (ICU2), a subunit of DNA-polymerase alpha that is binding LHP1 in vitro. ALP1 and ELP1 present a possible link to epigenetic regulation. ALP1 could be a direct repressor of LHP1, while ELP1 might be part of PRC1.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-49662 | ||||||||
Date: | 13 February 2012 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 16 April 2012 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/4966 |
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