Aragonés Soria, Yaiza ORCID: 0000-0002-8880-8957 (2022). Classical restrictions of matrix product states and minimising statistical errors in gate calibration. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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PDF (PhD Thesis in theoretical physics of Yaiza Aragonés-Soria)
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Abstract
This thesis consists of two independent parts. In the first part, we investigate the notion of locality in the context of Matrix Product States (MPS), while in the second part, we minimise the statistical error in a calibration protocol for quantum-gate sets. In the first part of this thesis, we consider an MPS in a one-dimensional lattice and investigate its norm squared amplitudes with respect to a local orthonormal basis. We call this norm the classical restriction of the MPS. Concretely, we ask when the classical restriction of an MPS is quasi-locally Gibbsian, i.e., it is exponentially well approximated by a Gibbs distribution associated with a local Hamiltonian. We prove that the classical restriction of an injective MPS is quasi-locally Gibbsian if the matrices associated with the MPS satisfy a ‘purity’ condition, a condition previously established in the theory of random matrix products. Our result connects two notions of locality: locality of correlations in an MPS and locality of interactions in the Hamiltonian generating the corresponding Gibbs distribution. The proof of our result consists of two steps. First, given an MPS defined on a lattice for which the purity condition holds, we demonstrate that the classical Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) of any connected tripartition of the lattice is rapidly decaying in the width of the middle region. Then, this decaying of the classical CMI is shown to imply that the probability distribution associated with the classical restriction of the MPS is quasi-locally Gibbsian. Within this investigation, we present relevant observations around the purity condition. We research how ‘typical’ the purity condition is by constructing a probabilistic model and showing that, in this model, the purity condition is satisfied in general. Furthermore, we show that violating the purity condition enables a generalised notion of error correction, reinforcing the purity condition’s generic nature. Within the second part of this thesis, we consider a protocol for calibrating quantum-gate sets and implement a statistical analysis to minimise statistical errors. Calibration of quantum gates is a necessary hurdle to overcome on the way to a reliable quantum computer. In a recent paper, a protocol called Gate Set Calibration protocol (GSC) has been introduced and used to extract coherent errors from multi-qubit quantum gates. We build on this study in two ways. First, we take the uncertainty of any measurement in the protocol into account by performing a statistical analysis. Second, we optimise the statistical uncertainty while requiring that the protocol involves only a small number of distinct gates, aiding physical realisability. We numerically demonstrate that, just by adding two more single-qubit gates to GSC, the statistical error produced in the calibration of a CNOT gate is divided by a factor of more than two.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-610884 | ||||||||||
Date: | 12 April 2022 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute for Theoretical Physics | ||||||||||
Subjects: | General statistics Natural sciences and mathematics Mathematics Physics |
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Date of oral exam: | 12 April 2022 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/61088 |
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