Tsaousidou, Eva (2014). Hypothalamic Inflammation in Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Ageing. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In this study, the role of hypothalamic inflammation in obesity, insulin resistance and the regulation of the ageing process is investigated. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1- and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK)2-dependent signalling plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-associated insulin and leptin resistance not only in peripheral tissues but also in the CNS. This study demonstrates that constitutive JNK1 activation in agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons of the hypothalamus is sufficient to induce weight gain and adiposity in mice as a consequence of hyperphagia. JNK1 activation increases spontaneous action potential firing of AgRP cells and causes both neuronal leptin resistance in a molecular level and resistance in the anorexigenic and body weight regulating effects of leptin. Similarly, activation of IKK2 signalling in AgRP neurons also increases firing of these cells but fails to cause obesity and leptin resistance. In contrast to JNK1 activation, IKK2 activation blunts insulin signalling in AgRP neurons and impairs systemic glucose homeostasis. Collectively, these experiments reveal both overlapping and non-redundant effects of JNK- and IKK-dependent signalling in AgRP neurons, which cooperate in the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. JNK1 ablation in the CNS has been demonstrated to resemble the effects of caloric restriction, a dietary intervention that delays ageing. In this study, JNK1 ablation in the CNS results in extended median and maximum lifespan in mice, protection from high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and increased energy expenditure but also increased adiposity and decreased bone mineral density. Hypothalamic inflammation amelioration via JNK1 and/or IKK2 inhibition are potential future therapeutic targets to counteract obesity- and ageing-associated diseases.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-63795 | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Cell Reports | ||||||||
Number: | 4 | ||||||||
Date: | 20 November 2014 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Generalities, Science Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 20 April 2015 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6379 |
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