Beenukumar Renukadevi, Roshini (2015). Ubiquitin-Independent Proteolytic Targeting of Ornithine Decarboxylase. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Beenukumar_Renukadevi_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Download (2MB) |
Abstract
Protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome is fundamental for cell survival in eukaryotes. There are two known routes for substrate presentation to the 26S proteasome- the ubiquitin-dependent route and the ubiquitin-independent route. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is one of the most well-known ubiquitin-independent substrates of the proteasome. It is a homodimeric protein functioning as a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamines regulate ODC levels by a feedback mechanism mediated by the ODC regulator called antizyme. Higher cellular polyamine levels promote translation of antizyme mRNA and inhibit ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the antizyme protein. Antizyme binds ODC monomers and targets them to the proteasome without ubiquitylation. The mechanism of this ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation is poorly understood. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of ubiquitin-independent degradation of the ODC by the 26S proteasome. We show that polyamines, besides their role in regulating antizyme synthesis and stability, directly enhance antizyme-mediated ODC degradation by the 26S proteasome. Polyamines specifically enhanced the degradation of ODC by the proteasome both in vivo in yeast cells and in a reconstituted in vitro system. ODC is shown to be targeted in a manner quite distinct from ubiquitin-dependent substrates as its degradation was enhanced in a mutant lacking multiple ubiquitin receptors. These and other findings indicate, however, that there is a convergence point for the two routes of degradation because ubiquitin-dependent substrates compete with ODC for degradation. Using an in vitro assay, it could be shown that the unstructured N-terminal degron, ODS, is essential for binding of ODC to the proteasome. In vivo studies using proteasomal ATPase mutants, in which tyrosine residues in so-called pore loops were mutated to alanine (Y-A), further showed that the pore loops of Rpt4 and Rpt5 are of critical importance for ODC degradation and suggested that ODS might be recognized by these ATPase subunits. Additional experiments revealed that antizyme promotes ODC degradation most likely by providing an additional binding site. An ODS-antizyme-Ura3 fusion protein was degraded faster in a ubiquitin-independent but proteasome-dependent manner than ODS-Ura3. Furthermore, a ubiquitin-dependent mode of ODC degradation is also reported. Upon overexpression under the PCUP1 promoter, efficient degradation of ODC involved a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. This degradation of ODC was independent of ODS and antizyme. Together, the findings described in this thesis provide novel insights into the mechanism of proteolytic regulation of ODC. With ODC being a validated target for cancer therapy, a detailed understanding of this mechanism may contribute to the discovery of new therapies targeting the polyamine pathway.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-63945 | ||||||||||||
Date: | 11 May 2015 | ||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 29 June 2015 | ||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6394 |
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