Strathmann, Eike (2022). Epigenetic regulation of PLS3 by the macrosatellite DXZ4 and the transcriptional regulator CHD4. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
PDF (Doctoral Thesis Eike Strathmann)
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Abstract
Part I: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating motor neuron disorder caused by homozygous loss of the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and insufficient functional SMN protein produced by the SMN2 copy gene. Overexpression of Plastin 3 (PLS3) fully protects from mild types of SMA. The mechanisms that regulate PLS3 expression are not fully understood. We performed a multi-omics analysis of SMA-discordant families using lymphoblastoids, fibroblasts and iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons and identified mechanisms, which contribute to the regulation of PLS3. We found a 1-fold expression difference in spinal motor neurons of PLS3 between female asymptomatic and their SMA-affected brothers, which can be explained by the gene’s escape from X-chromosomal inactivation. The X-linked PLS3 is located in close proximity to DXZ4, a microsatellite, which is essential for X-chromosomal inactivation. By Molecular Combing, we measured the copy number of DXZ4 and found a significant correlation with the expression of PLS3 in females. Additionally, we identified Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 4 (CHD4) as an epigenetic transcriptional regulator of PLS3. By application of siRNA-mediated knock-down, overexpression, chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase assays, we validated the regulation of PLS3 by CHD4. Thus, we provide evidence for a multilevel epigenetic regulation of PLS3. Part II: Spinraza, a SMN antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that restores full-length SMN2 transcripts, has been FDA- and EMA-approved for SMA therapy. Hence, the availability of biomarkers allowing reliable disease monitoring would be of great importance. The BforSMA study identified about 200 putative SMA biomarkers. We took advantage of a previously developed intermediate SMA mouse model, treated with presymptomatic low-dose SMN-ASO injections and measured the plasma concentrations of SMN and six other SMA biomarkers from the BforSMA study, namely Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP), Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4), Tetranectin (C-type Lectin Family 3 Member B, CLEC3B), Osteopontin (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1, SPP1), Vitronectin (VTN) and Fetuin A (Alpha 2-HS Glycoprotein, AHSG). Only COMP and DPP4 showed high and SPP1 moderate correlation with the SMA phenotype. PLS3 overexpression from a human transgene neither influenced the SMN level nor the six biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis that PLS3 acts as an independent protective modifier of SMA.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-643514 | ||||||||
Date: | 20 August 2022 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 14 November 2022 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/64351 |
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