Universität zu Köln

Mazur, Philipp G. ORCID: 0000-0002-4389-2841, Gamer, Frederick C., Ramos, António G. ORCID: 0000-0002-0885-7792 and Schoder, Detlef (2025). Standing on a common ground: a comparison of static stability approaches for pallet loading. International Transactions in Operational Research. pp. 1-27. Wiley. ISSN 0969-6016

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Abstract

At the practical level, the static stability constraint is one of the most important constraints in practical pallet loading problems, such as air cargo palletizing. Approaches to modeling static stability, which range from base support and mechanical equilibrium calculations to physical simulation, differ in workflow, focus, and assumptions, so choosing the right static stability approach has a substantial impact on the quality of the solution and, ultimately, on loading security. To date, little research has investigated the structural differences between approaches. The aim of this paper is to integrate knowledge and shed light on the applicability of the different approaches for the practical scenario of air cargo palletizing. We tackle this problem through (1) a reformulation and extension of static stability toward loading stability, (2) a conceptual analysis of current approaches, and (3) benchmarking that employs an independent multibody simulation on multiple heterogeneous datasets. Our results show that all approaches are prone to structure errors and vary significantly in their premises and information usage. Further, full base support is revealed to be the most restrictive approach by far, while physical simulation achieves the greatest accuracy. Given the trade‐off between accuracy and runtime, the mechanical equilibrium approach is a good choice, while partial base support performs best for lower support values.

Item Type:	Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Mazur, Philipp G. UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-2841 UNSPECIFIED Gamer, Frederick C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ramos, António G. UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-7792 UNSPECIFIED Schoder, Detlef UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-805541
Identification Number:	10.1111/itor.70059
Journal or Publication Title:	International Transactions in Operational Research
Page Range:	pp. 1-27
Number of Pages:	27
Date:	21 June 2025
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0969-6016
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Management, Economy and Social Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences > Business Administration > Information Systems > Professorship for Informations Systems and Information Management
Subjects:	Economics Management and auxiliary services
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language static stability ; pallet loading problem ; physical simulation ; loading stability ; air cargo English
['eprint_fieldname_oa_funders' not defined]:	Publikationsfonds UzK
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/80554