Öcal, Sinan (2018). The HSP47 - Procollagen Interaction: Mechanism of pH-Dependent Client Release and Development of Antifibrotic Inhibitors. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Collagens are a multifaceted superfamily of proteins which constitute the principal structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of metazoan organisms. Intimately tied to ECM architecture and dynamics, collagens are involved in a multitude of processes such as cell adhesion and migration, angiogenesis, morphogenesis, the immune response and cancer progression. The biosynthesis of these large and complex molecules is reliant on a finely tuned machinery, disruptions of which is often causative to severe disease. Heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47), the molecular chaperone of collagen, plays a central role in ensuring proper processing and trafficking of collagens as well as the protection of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) from stress induced by aggregation and accumulation of its client. Although HSP47 has been first described more than 20 years ago, critical aspects of its function are still shrouded in mystery, ranging from why it is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins to whether its client repertoire includes all types of collagen. The rather recently solved crystal structure of HSP47 in complex with a collagen model peptide has provided a new impetus for answering the many open questions. One of these is how client-release is achieved: untypical for chaperones, HSP47 function is not coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis or exchange, but governed by the gradual decrease in pH along the secretory pathway. The mechanism by which the pH-shift induces client release is unclear. In this work, it was investigated whether this process is based on conformational re-arrangements, more subtle distortions of the binding site or electrostatic repulsion. Of particular interest were the 14 histidine residues in HSP47, which have long been considered as potential trigger residues, since their imidazole side-chains can serve as a proton acceptor at physiological pH. Systematic analysis of these histidines in context of this thesis has revealed that His273 and His274, located at the fringe of the binding interface, exert considerable influence on the pH-sensitivity of the HSP47 - collagen complex. Other histidines have also been found to be important for the interaction; most notably, His238 was shown to be an essential actor in the pre-arrangement of key residues in a client-binding competent conformation. Over the recent years, studies using gene ablation via siRNA have shown that interfering with the HSP47 - collagen complex can resolve a variety of fibrotic diseases. HSP47 has thus enjoyed increasing attention as a potential target for anti-fibrotic drugs. In light of this, one part of this thesis has focused on developing a fluorescence based, high-throughput screening compatible assay to be utilized for the identification of novel inhibitors of the HSP47 - collagen interaction. Interrogation of a compound library using the assay has yielded 4 potential inhibitor candidates, at least one of which having shown promising results in initial validation studies.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-90069 | ||||||||
Date: | 12 November 2018 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Chemistry > Institute of Biochemistry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 13 November 2017 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/9006 |
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